Mastering Academic Writing: A Comprehensive Guide from the African Scholars Training Session

Name: Academic Writing Skills Day 1
Uploaded: 2026-01-14T15:06:50.297985+00:00
Channel: RUFORUMNetwork
Description: Summary and key takeaways on Mastering Academic Writing: A Comprehensive Guide from the African Scholars Training Session, covering Introduction The live
RUFORUMNetwork
Jan 14, 2026
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3 min read
YouTube video ID: H1e66bsLfn8
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Introduction

The live training, supported by Eduardo Montlane and hosted by Professor Rogério, aimed to close the academic‑writing skill gap among African master’s and PhD students. Participants were reminded to register daily, attend all five days, and use the Q&A and YouTube recordings for review.
Objectives of the Training

Explain why publishing is essential for career advancement.
Demystify the manuscript‑to‑article journey.
Equip scholars with practical steps for writing, submitting, and revising papers.
Key Concepts

Publication Types: General journals, monographs, bulletins, magazines, newspapers, and conference proceedings. Only peer‑reviewed journals count as “general publications” for academic credit.
Manuscript vs. Article: A manuscript is a draft under review; once accepted it becomes an article.
Authorship: An author must be able to defend every part of the paper. Gift authorship and excessive author lists (e.g., >40) are discouraged.
Peer Review: Acts as the “high court of science.” Reviewers are experts in the same discipline; seniority does not guarantee quality.
Impact Factor: A readership index reflecting how often a journal’s articles are cited. It does not equate to quality and can be inflated by publishing frequency.
Open vs. Closed Access: Open‑access articles are freely available; closed‑access require subscription or payment.
Predatory Journals: Journals that accept papers with little or no review, often for a fee. Indicators include unusually fast acceptance, lack of editorial board, and high similarity scores.
The Writing Process

Select a Target Journal Early – Check scope, frequency, author guidelines, and impact factor.
Structure (IMRaD)
Title & Running Title
Authors & Affiliations
Abstract (word limit per journal)
Keywords
Introduction
Materials & Methods
Results (tables, figures, and narrative interpretation)
Discussion (link results to literature, explain trends)
Conclusions & Recommendations
Acknowledgments (funders, lab support only)
References (use reference manager, follow journal style)
Data First – Begin writing with the results that contain novel findings. Use illustrations that show significant or noteworthy trends.
One Message per Paper – Split large theses into multiple manuscripts, each driven by a single objective.
Citation Management – Use software (e.g., Zotero, EndNote) to collect citations while writing; verify the final list manually.
DOI & URL – Cite articles with their DOI for permanent access; include accessed dates for URLs.
Ethical Checks – Ensure no plagiarism (>20% similarity), proper author contribution, and compliance with journal ethics before submission.
Practical Tips

Allocate uninterrupted time for writing; avoid multitasking with business tasks.
Draft the manuscript before inserting citations; add citations after the narrative is solid.
Share drafts with colleagues for feedback; incorporate constructive criticism.
Never submit the same manuscript to two journals simultaneously.
If a paper is rejected, withdraw formally and resubmit elsewhere after appropriate revisions.
Q&A Highlights

Blog vs. Journal: Blogs are not considered scholarly publications for CVs; journals provide peer‑reviewed credit.
Choosing a Focus: Align the research question with a gap identified in the literature; ensure the answer is not already known.
Impact Factor Clarified: It measures citation frequency, not inherent quality; high frequency can result from many articles per year.
Predatory Journal Detection: Look for transparent editorial boards, reasonable review times, and clear APC policies.
Authorship Credit: Publication points are divided among authors; only those meeting contribution thresholds receive full credit.
Proceedings vs. Journals: Proceedings are collections of conference papers with less rigorous review; they are less valued than journal articles.
Resources & Next Steps

Registration link and attendance tracker will be sent during the session.
All slides, recordings, and supplementary materials will be uploaded to the program’s YouTube channel.
Participants are encouraged to continue asking questions via the chat and Q&A forum; answers will be posted later.
Future modules will cover literature reviews, systematic reviews, and detailed journal selection strategies.
Effective academic writing transforms research into visible, citable knowledge; this training equips African scholars with the concepts, tools, and ethical practices needed to produce publishable manuscripts and advance their scientific careers.
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gap identified in the literature; ensure the answer is not already known. - Impact Factor Clarified: It measures citation frequency, not inherent quality; high frequency can result from many articles per year. - Predatory Journal Detection: Look for transparent editorial boards, reasonable review times, and clear APC policies. - Authorship Credit: Publication points are divided among authors; only those meeting contribution thresholds receive full credit. - Proceedings vs. Journals: Proceedings
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Full Transcript YouTube

foreign
[Music]
good afternoon everyone
welcome to yet another training
welcome everyone good afternoon for this
uh another live session of training
um which is being supported by Eduardo
montlane
uh I can see my professor is already
here to give us some welcoming remarks
our facilitators are also here
so let me give an opportunity to our
hosts who is a professor rogerio to give
us some few open remarks before we start
the training professor rogerio over to
you
of your muted
rough being muted
thank you
and thank you refero for this
collaboration
that we're having to deliver this short
course to our African brothers and
sisters uh and I would like to thank you
also to facilitator for this activity
that they are doing putting their all
efforts to make sure that our Africa can
become each you can become better
um
as the other course that we offered we
designed this course because we
understand the skill gaps in terms of
academic writing skills so we want to
contribute to some improvements in terms
of providing these training so please
make sure you you get the best that the
first return they can provide in terms
of uh learning how to academically
communicate to other scientific worlds
uh I would like to request you to when
you you feel the attendance list you put
the the name as it is as it should be
I've been uh receiving a complaint that
the name that come to certificates is
not the way how it was supposed to be
but I think that it happened because the
way how you write your name when you are
putting the the the attendance list the
way that the the the the certificates
are filled and also I would like to to
to to to to to to to
recognize that we have been having a
problem we are Metro for in terms of
delivering the certificate in short time
but we have to understand that there's a
lot of people which are attending and
there's a lot of people it texts
sometimes to have the certificate a
Bengal issued but there will be issues
for all of you that you you're attending
the course so please understand us
I have seen a lot of complaints in the
group of what's up people saying that
you they're taking so long but you have
to understand that there's a lot a lot
of people attending uh with this I would
like to uh invite you you you you take a
put this opportunity to learn as much as
this course is being delivered and thank
you very much for for again joining us
to to to to learn and this encouraging
skills at this in this disengagement
thank you very much
uh thank you so much Professor for this
uh welcoming remarks um I would like to
uh inform the participants that yes we
are going to send the registration link
as we are proceeding uh with the
training to ensure that everyone
registers
their attendance and please note that we
only provide certificates to people who
have uh um attended the training for the
five days so if you have missed the
training then it will be difficult for
us to give you uh the certificate and
also we also encourage you to put your
questions in the question and answer
session uh in this webinar and then we
also want to let you know that this
session is being recorded Live on
YouTube We Shall also share with you the
YouTube link so that you can always go
back to the training and see uh with the
the sessions we should have missed so we
are going to share with you all the
necessary information and I'm very sure
the facilitators also will also share
with us the training materials that we
will be able to share with you in dual
course so uh let me take this
opportunity to call upon our
facilitators uh Professor tenure and Dr
nampala Professor tenure and Dr nabala
over to you
Dr nampala are you there
yes yes
I am here and uh very pleased to be back
thank you
uh thank you very much and we are back
yet again for academic writing skills we
had a very good session the other week
when we were dealing with uh faces
proposal development
and uh friends song call
we've already been introduced
but uh we would like to say that um
academic writing is a very very
important
because you you you cannot be a complete
scholar without communicating your
scholarship
and so and this communication
scholarship exhibits in many respects
one of them is to write but in many
faculties and schools and departments
students are also required to do oral
presentations
and that too is a academic communication
for this
Workshop virtual engagement we are
focusing ourselves on writing skills
and uh
we are
we are happy to
start it off with the basics in general
publishing even for writing skills we're
going to focus on General publishing
because we think that as young scholars
this is what you should be thinking
about
and uh not any other publishing
for this
Workshop in Bachelor or Ride Shop
we think that as we go along the Journey
of the five days
we shall be able to demystify
the process of preparing manuscripts for
publication among researchers uh
as you know
it's not the case that all scientists
are Well published
some scientists are highly published
others are not and one of the reasons
why some scientists
are not very well published is because
there is a there is fear of publishing
of fear of putting manuscripts out there
such that they are assessed and once
they are viewed for Quality then they
are published and this is why we are
using the word demystify remove that
fear
and we hope that by the end of the the
workshop uh participants who go in the
process that we have engaged and maybe
even after the five days some of you
will be having draft manuscripts I have
purposed with myself that by the end of
this uh interaction
myself and uh yes we should have a
publication
that is from some of the data some of
the interactions that we've had and and
so on and so forth but the other
objective is to enhance skills in
scientific and technical writing to
enable young scholars Like You on call
because we were told that largely this
Workshop is Masters and PhD students so
we calling you young scholars and the
international definition
of a scientist by ixu the international
Council for scientific unions is that a
young scientist is that scientist within
a period of 10 years after completion of
PhD
now the implication is that if you're 60
years and you've not done your PhD
and then you will now complete your PhD
at 60 then from 60 to 70 you'll still be
a young scholar so 10 years after
completion of a PhD a young scholar so I
think this definition is very generous
and it covers all of us
but what we want is that these young
scholars are equipped with skills to
publish research manuscripts in quality
peer-reviewed journals somebody said the
other day that quality cannot be high
quality is quality but of course because
we are not English speakers we always
make that mistake high quality peer
reviewed journals but there is nothing
like high quality quality is quality or
less of it
so we hope that by the end of this
Workshop the preparation of manuscripts
will be demystified but then skills will
be enhanced and that young scholars will
be able to publish manuscripts in high
quality inequality peer-reviewed
journals
uh as a scientists as academicians we
like definitions
and we would like to kick this off with
some definitions there are some words
that we normally simply speak and uh
even the layer person will pick it up
but when the meaning of it is not what
it says I have always said in workshops
somebody says can we just peruse when
you look for the definition of peruse
yeah when when you look for the
definition of peruse it is actually a
thorough reading
but now somebody says can we can we
peruse can we simply peruse through I
just so instead they mean they scanned
through the Dutchman but if you say you
peruse
then we expect thorough understanding of
what you did so sometimes we speak words
that have come as jargon and we don't
understand what they are saying but
friends uh English language is very
interesting
and some of the words
and the epistemological
engagement of the words how they started
is that it combines two words in one
uh common and unity you get community
so likewise
public
and location you get publication
so a publication is that thing which you
can find in the in which you can locate
in the public
that piece of writing which can be
located in the public it could be a
piece of writing it could be an art it
could be
uh it could be music it could be so that
that I published my music I I am I
published my art gallery I published so
that which has been developed based on
head knowledge
and designed and is now locatable
in the public it's called the public
location
yeah that we can locate it in the public
by the public for the public with the
public so it's a publication
now when it comes to journal publication
it is those that knowledge that body of
knowledge that we can locate
in the public
but is packaged
following scientific procedures and
rigorous processes
and those rigorous processes we know it
is peer-reviewed there is a review
and it follows the process that is
scholarly
and that scholarly process is has a
method
and that method follows procedures and
then it qualifies to be a general
publication now not anything can be a
general publication
yeah and this can be sometimes very
confusing there are bulletins they are
they are monographs they are
newspapers they are so now when you come
to Jano publication there is a divide
and uh in scholar writing this is very
very tight so Janus have
particular
characteristics
and you can look at those
characteristics based on how this has
been laid out there is a layout there is
a systematic way of how things are done
and this this has been developed over
time
since the first Journal you know the
first Journal I don't know whether some
of you know that the philosophical
transactions
is the very very fast Journal that was
developed way back in the in the 16th
century when the British monarch was
communicating
and it would be interesting to look at
the philosophical transactions then and
how they have now moved to this point
but still even as you look at those
letters that were being written in the
British monarch you see that they were
following a certain rubric certain rules
that there are paragraphs is this there
and and so on and so forth that day is
reference there is even the first
journal the first publication the
philosophical transaction had references
it had approaches it had and so on and
so forth so that rubric that rule of of
writing and packaging has remained and
it is typical of what you call a general
publication is
different from a monograph different
from a brochure
different from a magazine different from
a newspaper and you and you can just
look at it and say yeah this is example
uh many generals sometimes don't carry
the name Janu
for example we have the the yeah I've
told you an example the philosophical
transactions
nature
it doesn't say John of nature simply
says nature
there is the one in the U.S the the one
for the national Academies
yeah and it doesn't carry the name
channel so it may not necessarily carry
the name Janu it could be a bulletin but
bulletin also equals something
and I'm so honored and so forth as you
already know
and we are probably speaking to people
that already know and we are just
starting a process to catalyze our
understanding and interaction
now when we say manuscript uh this is uh
something that has been prepared a
scholarly piece of work that has been
prepared but is going through the
process
and until it is put in public locations
that is when we call it an article
so a manuscript strict strictly speaking
is a row
something that is still wrong and has
not yet been published but it's just
being prepared for that that process
so once it is published then we can
safely call it an article My article in
philosophical transactions My article in
African group science journal My article
not my manuscript that I published yeah
that that would be wrong but of course
we still make those mistakes and
sometimes people call articles
manuscripts and manuscripts articles
yeah
which article are you preparing from
your thesis no which manuscript are you
developing from your thesis and so on
and so forth
now an offer
uh strictly speaking in general
Publications and author is a contributor
to this uh publication
and uh
we will have time to break down on who
is an author and who is not an author so
we'll have a set of slides because this
sometimes causes a lot of challenges to
the extent that some articles never see
the light of day some manuscripts never
see the light of day because of author
conflicts and other Wars but who is an
author it is this person that has
contributed some some journals give
guidelines and some institutions
investors also give guidelines at least
three quarters or they can speak for at
least three quarters of the of of the
article that has been published
uh because if it is a a field assistant
or if it is a data collection assistant
and they are put as authors they may not
be able to explain what the science is
all about
yeah they may not even be able to answer
to review comments so an an author is
this person
who is able to answer and speak
for this article at any point in time
even when you wake them up in sleep they
will tell you that yes this was done
here the methodology was this and this
even when there are comments they are in
it apart and critique they will be able
to make it alive and say yeah I agree
this is what happened but the
circumstances were this and this and the
context is this and this and this is
what we were looking for and what we
found is that we actually were our
hypothesis was wrong or and so on and so
on
yeah the the the the the the
enumerators and the data collection
assistants are paid for the work that
they did
the collected data and they are paid and
their pay is considered good enough it's
not that they should make it to the uh
to the to the author list but then there
is something we call gifting gift
authors
that I've worked with the professor in
their lab
and this professor did not really engage
in this work but they are the most
senior person in that lab and it's
common that every paper that gets out of
that lab has the name of that or
a director Generals in the National
research institutes if you asked them
they wouldn't even know where the the
work was done but sometimes research
teams pick them on to please them or to
to also show accountability that
something is happening because the
director General launched the project
and the director General goes to to the
donors EU defeat World Bank to speak
about research that is happening so now
the directions
somewhere and at the end of the the year
The Institute has Publications and the
director General is also featuring
somewhere and sometimes with this gift
authorship
it sometimes explains why some articles
have so many authors
find an article I I have seen an article
with 42 authors
and you say really this photo explaining
what can they all explain uh what
happened but sometimes it's a protocol
that is being evoked and the process I
think there was one from South Africa on
a protocol that was developed and indeed
this scientists were involved in the
development of this protocol even with
the correct Venta Institute during the
gene Wars I'm sure you remember the gene
was on the human genome when Labs were
competing on who publishes what and who
sends out a protocol fast they were
quite some articles that came out with
so many authors and yes they all
contributed to the profiling and
characterization of the human genome but
it's not typical that you'll have a
scientific study and then it comes up
with a publication and then you have 20
workers or something it
becomes sometimes a suspect that maybe
almost three quarters of these weapons
cannot even explain what the article is
all about their device chancellors they
are the directors they are the lab
owners that we put a Legends to and we
want to engage them now we sometimes say
author
who is the author of this article with
the author of this book and that the
others are referred to as co-authors but
even the little author is actually
co-author so co-authors if if I'm not
referring to myself and I'm referring to
the others that I worked with and we
published an article with them and then
I refer to them as co-authors
is also something very very interesting
many journals
because of this authorship was because
we have worked at the African prop
science journal for quite some time and
we know a lot of inside stories
at a time when you're ready to publish a
paper you receive a letter from a
decenting
uh individual says I was part of this
work but I'm not listed on this article
would you please include me now as a
general you can't do that and then they
don't want to disclose it to the others
like their core of us now
I mean first of all it's not acceptable
you the paper has been processed and in
the process of review the back and forth
work you've said to them the
corresponding offer and lead the offer
and sometimes the corresponding author
is not the lead offer and and so on and
so forth so as a policy for journals we
limit ourselves to what the
corresponding authors are saying
and now you can see the reason why you
need the corresponding order because if
there is no corresponding author then as
a journal you might end up responding to
anybody that sends you uh in
instructions but even when we respond to
corresponding authors we also make
effort to copy to the other authors so
if you've not been in copy in the entire
process right from the time that the
Articles the the demand school was
submitted through peer review processes
and then sent back and forth and
sometimes there is quite a lot of
interaction as you see on articles you
say received February
2021 published August 2023 a period of
more than two years of that process and
then somebody at the very end of it when
the manuscript is now accepted writes
and says you know I am part but even
sometimes when a manuscript is accepted
the corresponding authors magazine three
other names that have not been part of
the demands right from the time it has
been handled so in this case smuggling
is open court close quote they are the
corresponding author so they've given
you uh the profile of names to include
so you include but friends on call I'm
sure you now can see the kind of
challenges that we go through uh just on
this issue of authorship but then you
can also see why journals insist that
you give the email addresses of all the
the offers and co-authors that are on
the article because there is a lot of
Correspondence that we do with each of
them sometimes individually on the side
but sometimes with all of them
now an editor
is this person that is the GateKeeper
for quality
and uh
we have an editing Chief this is the
person that signs off finally and or
case a manuscript to be published
and different journals have different
Arrangements they have what they call
section editor or they have what they
call theme editors
you know if if you look at uh plus one
it has medicine it has a biological
sciences it has this zoology yeah so now
you have a chief editor but then if you
have now an issue in the journal section
that is for medicine then you have the
editor in charge of the medical
submissions then you have the editor in
charge of who Anatomy biology you have
the editor and and so on and so forth
and then below these editors you have
other editorial assistants for for
example in the African crop science
journal JS
Professor is the editor and chief we
have an editorial board by but in Dutch
editorial board we we have technical
editor we have science editor I am the
science editor so my job is to look at
the science and many times they are
article there are manuscripts that have
been accepted but when you look at the
science then there is something that is
flowed and at that point the purpose is
rejected
because the science
is not speaking
and this happens especially in the
agriculture economics
you find that there are some variables
and modules that can only be done and
employed when labor
it was part of that model
but then you find many manuscripts
submitted and there is no labor as a
variable but then so that becomes a
flawed publication you can't publish it
yeah
peer-reviewed I'm sure we all know that
um
when science
is evolving and devolving we appears
as a professor of molecular biology
what you're talking about is what the
students are talking you're talking
about mitochondria and cells and the
nucleus
jump plasm and work and that's what
everybody is talking about so this is
why we call it peer the peer review and
this peer review yes is based on
expertise but that expertise does not
also remove
seniority and being Julia you can get a
very good peer review uh from another
graduate who is a in the cytomolecular
studies just as you'll get from a
professor who has spent 30 years on
cytological studies so the peer review
approach is the is is like the the court
of science
it's like the high court of science
where cases are sorted
and these cases are sorted from
a net
understanding that yes this is what this
manuscript is saying and the scholars in
this field have agreed
that this is correct
and that there is an advancement in
understanding on this subject because
Janus are looking for news they don't
just publish anything that was published
long ago uh what solid Creek already
told us about DNA and Ipsy helical
Strand and what so we are now not
looking for DNA and elico spans rather
we are looking for DNA and this
application in society
now a PR reviewer then is this person
the scientist
in that field of study that has made
their time available
to give feedback
and comments
and a critique you know there is a
difference between critique and
criticism criticism is negative
criticism is this is horrible this is
useless I don't know what the author and
co-authors were thinking about well a
critique
is a narrative that builds hope
the a narrative that says yeah this
science is taking this direction and it
has potential to contribute to the body
of knowledge that exists
nonetheless
in terms of
how this is done there were some
methodological flaws which I Now list
below and I listed them one two three
four five okay and when I reach the tail
end and they say now therefore because
of the above
this manuscript
should not be published
and then even me as a scholar because
I'm your peer in that subject so when I
read I actually
appreciate your guidance and I say yes I
think this is true we never did a b c d
yeah and uh we didn't have this reagent
but given the advancement of knowledge
we should have had it and so on and so
forth now an article impressed and many
of us use this is this
it has moved from manuscript it has been
accepted for publication
and the the the the the the the the the
the volume
of the journal has been assigned already
sometimes the page numbers are not yet
assigned but sometimes they even
assigned
sorry about that and what is left
is for you to now put it in public
locations to become
application so this is what we call
article in press now sometimes you read
the reference section
and somebody says article in press and
it was 30 years ago
1990 article impressed now an article
had not been pressed forever
so you need to find out whether it was
finally published
or for some reason or the other it was
dropped and it is possible that an
article in place can be dropped
yeah because the Epitaph will finally
see at any stage
in processing manuscript rejection is
real and the reality once new
developments come in and new
developments they mean are some
omniscience or some methodological
flowers some
ethical issues you know you have an
article that has been lined up and is
very good it is now in press then you
see it popping up in another Journey
then you wouldn't publish it in the in
that Journey because that is not ethical
so you cannot have articles in place
forever if anything
impression only before a season
less than less than a year less than a
less than three months
because even for journals that publish
once a year
yes they will have an article impressed
but these days
uh the the I generally be publishing in
in the
in December back by may they have
articles that have been accepted
and and they already formatting so they
give the better numbers so if it's
already formatted and they've given the
page number then that is a publication
and what they do some of these are
online they simply keep populating
so you can find a journal that publishes
in December but by September they have
some three articles already lined up and
published so they keep which is one of
the advantages of online publishing
because hard copy publishing requires
that you print the the Articles and put
them together in a book but online
publishing the articles are online so as
and when it is accepted you upload it
and it is ready for readership and then
you move to the next until you reach
December when you have your total number
of accepted articles and the close-up
that issue of the jam and and so on and
so on so with the advancements in
technology
and advancements in publication surely
we should be having less and less of any
press
there is also what we call International
or local Journal
and sometimes this comes with a bad test
because somebody would be wondering what
is local about the journal but just to
say that International journals are
journals that are wide in terms of their
geographical coverage
that they receive manuscript from all
over the world process them for
publication that when you open this
journal you will see so many articles it
is a journal in Africa but you will see
Japan Asia
Florida where U.S British all submitting
articles to this job when a local
journal sometimes we like to call this
department or journals sometimes they
are very very localized
you have a department and the department
has a journal and this has nothing to do
with the quality
the department of General may have a lot
of peer review
and high rejection rates
but
for one reason or another the scholars
in that institution decided that it is
restricted
to uh to to to to the Department
I I remember in marketing we started
what we call demaric Bulletin the market
University Research Institute
and it was a very good job it evolved a
lot of peer review until such a Time the
college said but now I think we need to
take this step higher and make it a
general and yes indeed there is now a
journal
[Music]
and I think the name changed a bit
but it is uh it is and and I think it's
it's now inviting papers from all over
the the world it's no longer that local
it's not uh just uh students and college
staff are publishing in there so first
and and this is uh an interesting
Dynamic probably we'll get back together
to this and discuss why local versus the
international but one of the issues here
is for example colleagues in Ethiopia
you have a very rare delicacy
that is the rare even on the Landscapes
of Africa the India
now if you have a paper the test yeah
injective if you have the people now
grown away of death it it will not make
sense in the British Agronomy it will
not make sense in the American Journal
of agronomy in in
Uganda we have the Angola
cut
now they are called a cat who makes a
lot of sense in Uganda but it may not
make a lot of sense in the in Belgium or
or even in South Africa so such a
manuscript that is done on breeding of
the uncolic and sometimes also cultures
you know in West Africa you have the the
the the grass cutter
now the grass cutter in many parts of
Africa is is not a delicacy so if
you send such a paper to a journal about
the grass cutter and the the the vitamin
the elements in the grass cutter now it
would not make sense to an editor in
East Africa so this is why
uh John knows that are localized I
wouldn't like to call every local
generals but they are localized in their
scope of coverage in terms of geography
are important because they will publish
a scientific Innovations and scientific
knowledge that is the is useful to that
part of the world and like I said the
deaf Angela in Ethiopia Ethiopia is a
very populous country
it was a hundred million people so they
it's quite a livelihood for this
now the other thing that is also very
common these days is the impact factor
and this is an interesting one I'm sure
I would be surprised if they are not
made any questions on this one but we
have a lot of literature that we will
share our impact factor and just to
explain is that this is really
readership index how frequently has your
article that has now been published how
frequently is it being read and there
are they are very nice equations of how
this is done which we have some
manuscripts that we we have some
articles that we can share so you can
follow the formula that is being used
now impact factor has been abused to
imply quality of the journal that
because papers in this genre are being
read widely
okay so then this journal is now a
prestigious Journal no you can actually
have
articles that are not Google articles
but were published for one reason or
another and uh and they have very high
readership and then the impact factor
shoots up but then
uh the African group search journal for
example publishes every report we have
an issue published every quarter
and it would be unfair to compare the
African group science journal with a
journal that publishes once a year
because now you can see when you be more
and more papers out there as a journal
then of course your leadership will be
higher
than somebody who is beaming only the 20
articles in a given year so you have
four issues and in these four issues you
put in Greater articles by the end of
there you have 80. now the other one
that is published in one Say Yeah by the
end of there they have only 20. so
there's a lot of
[Music]
issues to for example the annuals of
Applied Biology
they publish every two weeks
yeah so within a month they have two
issues published
so of course because of the frequency of
publication they will have a very high
impact factor the leadership is also
high and these commensurate
with the articles that are being
released
now open science or closed access I'm
sure this you've those of you that are
attended but in 10 the Open Access
movement I'm sure you have you have seen
this but uh Open Access open data open
that you articles are published and they
are available to them everybody there
they are within the public are not
locked
but there are some articles that may be
within the public but are closed off you
have to pay in order to access it or you
have to go through processes
of requesting for user rights in order
to access that publication so in in
brief that is what is about open and
closed access but there are a lot of
standard definitions about Open Access
and open data and it's not as simple as
just what we are saying
then online versus print Journal Online
journals these are journals that go
through the process peer review
uh editorial checkups due diligence
and once a manuscript
crosses to becoming an article then it
is the posted online and there is no
printing
for a very long time the African crop
science journal was a print Journal that
will get printouts and but but now it is
totally an online journal and many
journals have gone online because of the
convenience
but of course this also comes with a lot
of challenge that you must have an
update database you you must have your
website ready you must but fortunately
there are many agents agencies out there
I'm sure you've heard about uh African
Journal Online Ajo I'm sure you've had
about scorpas you've had those
big names they they take and manage
journals online
there is something we call the joy the
digital objective objective identifier
and this is uh
a number that is given to your article
and it makes life easy to dress it up
once you type the digital objective
identifier because it is identifying it
will be able to pop up and show on this
thing
but this verses uh the universal
resource locator
so before the
the barcode scale
we we we have the Universal resource
locator
and again the universal resource locator
is a is a is a what
is the website
or a link that you click to take you to
this to this article there is also
Universal resource identifier
yeah which is really the same but
talking about acronyms in the field of
application and general publishing there
are very many acronyms I'm sure you've
heard about APC
article processing charges
uh these are charges that journals
pick
on two uh an article that has been
published
and before the publication you're
supposed to pay
yeah and this ranges from 50 dollars
[Music]
so you pay for the publication in some
cases they call it um
uh you're paying for space so they call
it space charges
but really article processing charges
and there is also something called oxide
the open research and contributor ID
which is also becoming a very common
thing these days that a researcher was
their name and research should have an
open research and contributor ID now
once you have this open research and
contributor ID it means that your
articles are available
to the public to to to to view they
don't have to pay costs and and so on
and so forth yeah
uh General quality I think this is very
clear it is the process the due
diligence that journals go through to
ensure that they are publishing good
science that is without flaws and that
it is speaks to to
truth and is not forged
because this sometimes also happens it
has happened where for example
professors in China
had so many Publications but the data
was not
correct data and they were script they
are professors
demo guidelines this is what a general
rolls out to guide its authors
on what
they should do in order to submit a
manuscript or in order to make a
contribution to the general
publication ethics or ethical conduct
this is the normally specified by the
General in guidelines
and it relates to plagiarism
falsification of results
I hope we are still together
it's been quite a listing of definitions
and I'm sure there are still many more
that we have not talked about
but uh I would like now to talk about
why publish you know in Mercury we have
a very good addict and old addict
publish operation
and if you don't publish your perish as
a scientist because you will not know
your science
so publish your perish publish and make
a name you can imagine if
if Watson and Greek had not published
their story or DNA
it would be only a question of time
along the way you know a colleague of
mine normally says but research made his
principle if if it had not been
discovered by now I would have
discovered it so if you don't publish
what you have done
somebody else out there will actually
get it published I think we discussed a
bit of this
and the other week when we were dealing
with the reference
and so on and so forth but uh
our Publications record can get us a job
we can be promoted at workplace
we can get higher
uh educational qualifications
we can get academic recognition and this
academic recognition may not necessarily
be announcement that assemblies
in auditoriums but it can be online like
we are now having online
[Music]
uh data capture Google Scholar you you
don't go out to put your articles in
Google Scholar Google Scholar simply
picks them up as long as they are online
uh there is what is being now called the
the scientific index you can follow up
an article that you published 30 years
ago or five years ago and you see the
citations
I I I know uh students on this platform
are now going to follow us up and saying
you know but uh Professor Paul nampala
professor John tenure who are these
people so as you check you go to Google
Scholar and you will find that yes I
have a very good Edge index a very good
high index and you'll find that my
research has a very good R square index
all all those things which indicates
that yes it is impactful research it is
being read it is being used
some people can be very good at
generating Publications but when their
Publications don't have citation index
so this so that recognition can also be
for for example I have recognition on my
Google Scholar and my research gate for
this High citation index and they will
normally say your your research into
just it is 92 percent higher than
anybody within this database that is the
academic recognition which is which is
good yeah
now there are some general reasons
for manuscript Acceptance in generals
but Prime among these is evidence of
research news
yeah
why did you do this research
and uh we believe that at Masters and
PhD levels you are really not engaging
on the things that are already done
protocols have already been developed
and now
you are the grandson of so and so and
you still want to go back to what your
your your your your your parental like
deal no no
there must be uh news and the new
knowledge Builds on old knowledge so you
can click on to that old knowledge
and build something new
uh other reasons admirable writing style
there are some people can write
I remember there was a professor of
Dermatology in South Africa who passed
on recently but it was called geology
yes
would write and you read an article 10
pages a month ago 10 pages and you have
nothing to edit in this article and you
know as an editor I sometimes would
wonder
is there nothing wrong really in this
article because most of the one schools
we read have a lot of flaws but you need
geologist paper and everything is so
tight so if geology was not publishing
we would never appreciate and admire his
writing style or even learn from it
because I kept a pile of his papers and
I learned from them from the writing
style but we also wanted to ensure we
are compliant with Janus
and uh
the currents of literature citations
that we women
uh friends
we would like to move on and
let's just finish I think we would like
to start about how to start
we will have a series of slides on how
to start and this is just a preamble
but some of the questions that you need
to ask yourself
you have the right set of data
and this is what we are calling
publishable results uh the other day
when we were dealing with journals I
mean proposals we said that for
publication of proposals for for work on
proposals you don't start with the title
you don't start you start with the
problem analysis
now for manuscripts the starting point
is data
and you know some people write
manuscripts
and they write methodology but
how did you guess those methods
that led you for the results so the
starting point for developing
manuscripts is data
the criteria for General publication is
actually presence of research news
that is accepted by private journals
and once you find that
it cannot be accepted by many journals
around then that means that there's
something suspect about your work or
simply put
routinely routine research information
is not acceptable
that I go to spatula then I mixed this
and this five articles and it is no no
no that is the routine work that is done
in the lab yeah
so
yes you can package and write but it's
normally accepted
by
national journals
some and some of these journals that are
about accepted are looking for
manuscripts they don't they publish
regularly after every year but then the
scientists in the region are not
contributing to them because they are
not a popular German they are scientists
is lower and so on and so forth
foreign
should you select a journal for human
script
and this should be done before writing
the manuscript
and it's important for you to
familiarize yourself with the journals
uh as Guided by the supervisors
also as Guided by the University
guideline
otherwise if you don't do this you will
devote manuscripts that will not fit
into
the the the scientific system that you
are engaged with
now during writing this is also very
very important that during writing you
have to pay attention to the general
guidelines
and you can do personal online research
and ensure that yes the general you are
engaged with is actually publishing
because you can select Journal which was
out of
of business
1970 74 what man we have many examples
in Africa of generals that wound up
the East African Journal of Agriculture
on Forestry a very good generator I had
a very nice purpose
I mean we just can't tell what happened
but it closed yeah so you have to check
this out
and when is it appropriate write a man
script yes it is appropriate right to
manuscript when you have what right
about
if you don't have what right about
writing would be very very painful and
you rotating circles
and uh before doing research
you can write an article that's a review
and we would share a little bit about
this only to side review which is
different from literature synthesis
literature synthesis is booting
synthesizing the lyrics about your
challenge but from that literature
synthesis you can write a research
review program and there are methods of
doing this
uh the the exclusion and inclusion
theories
and also
you can write a literature review
during research
and these are becoming very common when
you leave students
uh during holiday or what they are
really writing and writing reviews and
and you know as they create this
Scholars the master scholar you you
don't need to wait for your findings in
order to have a general article you can
actually write a review article yeah and
uh the common method that is used for
this is called systematic reviews and
I'm hoping that we shall find time to
look at cinematic reviews
during the the the research you can also
write articles from the Baseline the
research is going but you can write a
man's cruise from the Baseline studies
short communication sometimes we miss
and misunderstand short communication to
imply the length of the article
but a short communication is this
publication which has very hot news
before the end of the study for example
if you're dealing with a protocol
and then you are now going to use that
protocol to initiate another method but
then you've completed developing this
protocol
so you write a publication about this
protocol
that you've developed a new test tube
this and this and it is working like
this
and but then that new desktube is going
to be used in a lab for another process
and that process is the tail end of what
we are looking for so in other words
we don't need to wait for the terror end
of things in order to publish and as I
said at the beginning this was very
common during the correct Venta
genomic Human Genome search
because many things were being
discovered in a short period of time and
if the correct Venta Institute was not
to publish them somebody else would
because there was another team doing
research on those things
so you publish
that the story is not very complete but
then that same procedure that you
developed and worked is being used and
duplicated to complete the story so that
becomes a short communication so in
other words a short communication can be
as long in terms of number of pages or
papers it can be as long as an ordinary
manuscript yeah
now after doing the research we are
considering all the above not just one
thing
yeah and uh for the rest of the workshop
we are going to focus on that slide
after writing the manuscript
uh
selection a selection of the general
sometimes it becomes a dice issue
and it enables either switching between
the journal and citation
when you
select a journal after writing the
manuscript
it enables easy switching yeah because
then you would know that the others want
to Vancouver they want
so it becomes
our friends I think have said so many
things
and if you found it monotronous it's a
long story because there are many things
that we have not even put onto the slide
but for now I'd like to
uh leave it at that and end there as we
move on to the second
point of interaction and discussion but
maybe we would like to
give it a break at this point
and the break would imply that we
allow for question and answer maybe for
five minutes because it can get
monotonous
with a virtual engagement that is only
one way
with this I thank you for listening
yes moderator please go ahead
maybe you can check some questions under
q a
okay and you respond to them a number of
people who want to clarification
especially related to research
okay I would prefer if we can allow them
talk
uh such that we can answer the questions
directly also in the chat
but if you can allow two or three people
to say something maybe they can be ready
for you the questions yeah
people who asked earlier around but they
might not
be able to
talk again uh so there is a question
from Nancy
and she's saying that she's a nurse
academy here from Kenya
I have been looking for such a kind of
training to transform my many my data to
journal analytical to journals I think
an article that kindly helped me
understand
why should I consider writing publicly
in the journal or a Blog is it is a Blog
considered as a publication and can one
have it in a CV
number two how do I choose an area of
focus for public writing number three
what are some tips for maintaining
consistency in writing number four what
are some common mistakes to avoid in
public writing
and number five she's saying what
platforms can I use for public writing
and then number six how do I stay
updated with Trends in public writing
and number seven she says would
would you share a sample template for
one to prepare a journal so maybe you
can first respond to abigo she asked
many questions
uh before you look at the other
questions also
yeah this is quite engaging it's a
mouthful but as I take a breath I'll let
my colleague Professor JS to respond to
this set of questions yes
we are just changing seats
foreign
foreign
or good evening
yeah I think it depends on the location
some with softeners other seasoning
others money
okay yes
um
much of what has been asked
will be contained in our training
modules
but for number one
why should I consider writing
publicly in a journal or blog
well for generals we we indicated the
reasons why you should publish in a
journal one
to get recognition
to
get a job sometimes they will say those
with Publications will be
given priority
to get a promotion
now the journal and blog
blog is has no quality associated with
it so it's not normally taken seriously
compared to journals
and there is except maybe the last one
um last one or second last
how do I
update
how how do I stay
updated with friends in publishing
of course like we said last time we said
good writers
are good readers
so if you cannot read the other people's
work
there's no way you are going to improve
and to stay on top of science
in terms of Trends in terms of news in
terms of consistence you have to read
other people's work
and most especially the most recent
article was
the rest
are going to be in our modules so you
are welcome to participate in all the
modules
next
on the next is the form of Fernando
uh Fernando Orlando he's saying that he
related to key definitions where can one
locate an essay is it manuscript or an
article
that's another question maybe you can
first answer that and then I can read it
in another one
and let's see
can also be a general publication okay
Janus include more than results
because it can be an opinion
and if it is very exciting to the peer
reviewers to that discipline
it merits being considered as a
publication
so an essay that
makes a lot of sense to the player group
their group is like a disciplinary group
where that kind of article that kind of
impressive belongs if it makes a lot of
sense to them and their reviewers advise
the editor
there's no reason why it cannot be
published
as an article in a journal
uh thank you bro and then another one is
from a manual Repro he's saying that in
reference to a number of authors authors
the presenter just mentioned what
happens to publication points if there
are a lot of authorized comments if
there are many authors do they all get
publication points like the example you
gave of the article with the 40 orders
where
it's a matter of
I mean if you you have a thesis you are
going to generate many Publications
so you are pushing
a group for a given
manuscripts then another group for
another manuscript depending on their
relative proportions of contribution
because you see
if an article is to be awarded
Max
that means those marks must be divided
by the authors and co-hosters so that
each one of you takes a fraction of the
max
in the end
your contribution will be meaningless if
you are very many people
but it is most unlikely that all of you
are really contributing significantly
to be to qualify to be coal size you
probably did your contribution
and you are paid off or you might even
Merit to be only part of the
acknowledgments
okay thank you and then another one is
on the that please please come up again
on the difference between a manuscript
and an article
a manuscript is a
an article that I know a nice group is
a draft you can call it a draft which
has not yet been accepted once accepted
it becomes genetical
okay and then another question is that
if you have about eight authors how do
you say to them in the text for the
first time is it allowed to use it and
is it a term for the first citation or
they list out all the names
please follow the guidelines of the
journey
don't submit a manuscript to a journal
without
being familiar with what they want
they will clearly spell out the do's and
don'ts
and like my colleague said
it is best to select
its best to write not specifically for a
journal rather
put your ideas together first
and then select a journal and fine tune
the citations and references towards
that genre
the reason why we do that
is if you write from the beginning
foreign
rather than having a creative the free
creative mind to put together the idea
and make it to complete first
then select the journal and greet its
guidelines
and it will be telling you they don't
and the do's
now
thank you they show us another question
from shikoku is he asking what is the
impact factor and how is it utilized in
terms of academic writing
impact factor
is a is one of the recent developments
in general publishing
and my colleague has already talked
about it it's based on
um
how many times is your article being
read
and for the journal how many times the
frequency of
hitting or reading the articles in that
Journey
so the higher the number of people
reading interested in Reading articles
in that journal the higher the impact
factor will be
it is not necessary as associated with
equality
more to do with readership index
but
sorry
go go ahead I thought you had finished I
wanted to read it for another one and
probably the last so we can't continue
okay okay because they are around 51
already but it's okay let's uh the next
time
yes so you will respond to them later
but this one can be the last one that is
thank you so much Dr nampala for your
brilliant remarks kindly help us share
the more light on the differences
between a journal number your no issue
and a journal series
okay
um
Janos
have
International identifiers
the first one
is the serial number because a general
is published in the cities
it is given a number
which is called the
the highest high highest season yes
[Music]
hi assistant which is international
Studio International standard serial
number
now that used to be for the print print
journals but now for the online journals
we use e issn
[Music]
electronic
uh International issn
the National Standard serial number
so each each book has its own number
with a hard copy or online it hasn't its
number
and then uh what's the other one
uh then
the book the book has articles inside
and each article has
a DOI
DOI
is associated again with the electronic
searching so so that you don't go wrong
when searching for that particular
article and the DOI DOI is allocated to
the general
and then the the Secretariat is the one
that numbers
gives numbers to each of the Articles
contained in the journal
I don't know okay then in publishing
a journal is published
a number of times a year it can be one
you can go up to I don't know how many
50 times a year
now each time it is being published
each time the book is being published we
call that an issue
so in the year you might have several
issues
of a journal but together
Korea
those issues make what we call a volume
so volume one issue one volume one issue
two issue 50.
all those are within one year
okay
so we have a volume which is associated
with the year
and then inside the volume
there are issues
issues means it's like a small booklet
uh
published by every time every time there
is a booklet published now all those
booklets
are compiled together
to form one volume which is per year
and it can be online or it can be in any
print copies
I don't know I don't know whether I said
clearly hear your question
yeah
hello
hello
yes yes it is okay please you can now go
ahead since you said that was the last
question you can now move ahead you will
respond to the rest in the chat they are
already in the Q a
okay
foreign
okay we we are just trying to load
another presentation
okay
this definition
sorry we are loading a presentation just
there with us shortly
I think you can be excited
it's the second one number two
okay
foreign
day we thought we should give
preambles to the whole thing so that all
of us are
on the same plate
so before you get started you need to
give genuine answers to
the following questions
and be very truthful to
the answers you give
thank you
at least
yeah okay so the first question I think
you need to ask yourself
do you know for whom you are writing
this paper
the kind of people you expect to read
this paper
don't just start writing for the sake of
it
rather Envision who is going to read
this paper
and usually it is people in your
discipline
so
the beauty of it is that
what if you are you are interested are
tended to be their interests
so you cannot write about the paper
for yourself
rather what you call bad is what they
also call bad
and
and most of what you know is what they
already know probably when they know
more than what you you know
so the driver here should be the news
you want to tell them that will inspire
their interests to read your paper
okay so can you anticipate their
interests and the disinterests yes
because you who are from that discipline
therefore you should be knowing what is
good and what is bad
can you write to inspire the reader's
interests or can you write to satisfy
their interests
and that's why that's why we are going
through this training
so that we learn how to do that
the reader should be the center of
everything
if you write outside that scope
mostly and I most likely your work will
not be accepted
because those who are going to review
our experts in that area
so they will be reviewing the news the
writing style how simple it is to
understand deliver the message
ah and how attractive this writing style
is they have all that with them
so you should be writing to meet with
the readership interests
okay
do you have sufficient time to write
a reader impressive manuscript that's
very important
if you are going to
write and
to mix business with writing
it's not going to work out
first of all the story will be broken
the smooth flow will not be possible
the creation of ideas will be fragmented
so you need to have time to yourself
and probably work in a very boring
environment
to enable you to concentrate on
writing this paper
I I envy people who are businessmen who
and they can write a good paper if they
are there at all
you need to be
somewhere
to keep
consistency
keeps one idea at a time
follow it up dream about it
work with it
and if you do if you can achieve that
then you will have solved the problem 50
percent or even more
so you must have sufficient time on your
hands
to be able to write a good manuscript
good
yes
now how do you ensure that
one report or one thesis generates one
or more
manuscripts
how do you ensure that your research
is able to generate one or more
manuscripts
in other words
to uh to to to
promise yourself of a manuscript or more
the whole thing starts
before you do the results
and usually at proposal still writing
stage
that's where you ask yourself questions
and and you are guiding has to whether
those questions can lead to manuscripts
or not
for example
those of those of you who are with us in
proposals
we need problem analysis and they ended
up with the causes you remember primary
causes
and those primary courses had no answers
so if you really teach the tree up to
the primary causes
which had no answers
those kind of causes
will promise you news that is not
available in literature
so at that stage you can even count
the minimum number of papers that you
will get from your research
okay
and you can do it by
um
[Music]
okay at the level you remember those
courses are turned into specific
objectives
and we say that that level turning the
objective into a question
if the the question has answers obvious
answers then you are not you don't you
you are promising yourself no news in
your work
in other words those answers are asking
you to apply rather than do research
but if you ask you turn it into a
question and there is no answer
for that one you can be sure you're
going to get a very good publication
and we can reduce it to the level of
hypothesis because it happens by our
processes come from objectives
hypothesis and research questions
now
for example
if you had an objective like
to improve
agronomic value
[Music]
and the economic
performance of dash dash dash dash
economically
will turn into
a different hypothesis and economic
whatever will also be another hypothesis
or more okay
so when it comes to
publishing
with returning algorithmic value into a
question
that is improving this and that and that
uh
increase agronomic value
so the answer is yes or no
okay now if it is yes
then there's no news
but if it is no
then there is likely to be news
and they ask again for for economic uh
whatever
and it will be yes or no so in from that
objective you have at least two papers
that is easy when we say algorithmic
value we are again not specific
agronomical value might be soil
fertility
might be diseases you might so you you
find that a growing value you get
several parameters
that can lead you to more than one paper
okay
yeah
so
that's the end of this presentation but
we are continuing with another one
immediately
or do we have some questions
as we organized to put up another
presentation
yes you have many questions under q a
you can just click on q1 and you will
see many questions there to respond to
which one
would it require the author
kind of students
okay somebody is very clearly about the
meaning of a peer reviewer
who prepared viewers in this case
are people who belong to your discipline
so the editor is Select
people in your discipline to review
classes the quality of your
just the U.S submission
so we cannot select an economist to
review agronomy
no
we select
an agronomist to review an Agronomy
paper
and even within agronomy
if it includes soil science
we kind of select a breed that review as
well as soon as paper
so that's a pair of view of pay I mean
scanning from your group
okay
um
then
um
somebody from Ethiopia
I attended the last two trainings
but I couldn't
but I couldn't
get the certificate
I think
yeah
[Music]
administrators the organizer next
okay
[Music]
what is the difference between an
article and a
and a journal
Tejano is the book which within which
the article is found
okay
it is
which is a book
contains articles
okay
then
if I use DUI number
to feed
into well
in order for me to be able to access
information
on a particular piece of article is it
also
unethical or
would it be
a publishable during the course of the
publication well DOI
is an identifier
for example
I I don't know from which university you
are
but Leo
is like your name written on your
article
so that the article can easily be
accessed
um
digital uh
object identifier
it's a number that is given to an
article to enable people who are looking
for it access it directly
which is different from URL if you
remember url url is associated with
websites
if you put a URL which is also
acceptable if DOI is not available
uh
it's like you are referring me
to it
a website in your library
within which this article is found there
is a journal with your article
found in
in your library in your Universal
library now that's not so Direct
as having the the number of the article
itself because when I'm searching a DOI
I'll go to the article straight but when
I'm searching and and you give me URL it
takes me to the library website
so it means I have to write to the web
the librarian to look for me that
article to go and send it to me but with
the DOI I will be searching for the
number of that article and I'll go
straight to it
and get it immediately
now for URL
we normally put in bracket accessed on
5th May 2022
close bracket why because the reader of
your article
which cited a paper
with URL
might look for that paper and not find
it maybe it has been taken away by the
librarian and put somewhere in the
archive
so when you write the librarian
you indicate the time when that paper
was there and then they trace it for you
in the archive where they put it
okay next
um
next
um
[Music]
is there any difference between journal
and article
I think I've already talked about that a
journal is the book within which the
article is bound
so several articles
uh
have put together to get the booklet and
that booklet is what they refer to as a
journal
maybe we
should stop
[Music]
um
the materials of training
on Wood Drive like the past
I think again because organizers will
tell you and I think they've been
communicating all the time how they are
going to package these materials
including on YouTube so that you
directly get them The Voice
[Music]
um
so I think let's let's get to another
we are trying to fix
another slide
um
questions
foreign
foreign
all right
foreign
okay
okay
so the
typical manuscript
scientific manuscript
will have all those
components the title
and the running title which is the short
form of the title
appearing
on subsequent pages
or alternating with the author
title author title on different pages
and then we will have the authors with
the addresses
sometimes passport photo depending on
what the the guidelines of the journal
will be asking for
and then we followed by an abstract
whose number of words
house is spelled out in the guidelines
but
don't follow a number of words when you
are writing
in the end you can come back and shorten
the abstract the number of words needed
and then below the abstracts usually
they are
ads
if the if the words in the title are
different and there are other words that
can help us to search for the child this
article they are listed under the
abstract
and they're also given in a definite
number maybe five or two
less than seven
words
then introduction materials and methods
as usual
and we call this imrad this structure is
called him right
imrad is a
h
introduction
now this is a message or methodology
results and discussion
so that is summarized as him right
structure of a manuscript
um
then we have conclusions
and the recommendations
sometimes
but in many cases most of our work are
not complete too okay to recommendations
and we are going to see each of these
and then acknowledgments
and then uh
references of bibliography depending on
what the guidelines say please stick to
the guidelines of the journal
foreign
now
at this stage
we are
transiting from The Proposal
you remember at proposal stage we ended
at
data collection
after data collection
more or less the proposal ended there
except these other things like budget
how to come and references and so on so
we went to collect the data
and now we have collected the data
and we we are going to have these
assumptions
to to ensure that we are now ready to
write manuscripts
one that we have a set of data
that has been collected from a
well-designed
academically premised academically based
sound
methods
and procedures
program the data have been collected but
following the best debate practices in
the field
acceptable in your discipline
and the data have been analyzed
using the most accepted methods or the
statistical or any other
content analysis whatever you want to
call it
and the study followed accessible
acceptable procedures for example if it
was an experiment it was adequately
replicated
and he repeated a number of times
as required for example if it is in the
field
if you do it for one season
normally we don't accept that as a
publication
because that season is not going to
repeat itself
when you go back to
do the same experiment
next season you probably will get the
opposite results
so because of those variations
we want you to do it more than once or
twice
a special PhD where you can't do it once
or twice you have to do it like three
four times
so that we get
[Laughter]
an average value to paralyst we will say
the you reduce the standard deviation
that is the deviation
around the mean
and you get a enough degrees of freedom
to work with
for those of you who are doing
experiments
okay
and of course we're also assuming that
you you have sufficient statistics
to be able to handle results you need
the size six last week I think it was
last week or the other week yeah so that
kind of Statistics you did we are
assuming that you have it here and you
can apply it
and get the right results now results
are different from data
in the field you collected data
but after processing the data
and analyzing them using the right
methods
what comes out as it means are the
results
okay
and when you say mean it means
it would have been called an average
but this is a mean because it has other
characteristics
it has
uh standard errors
it can be differentiated from the other
mean
by certain tools like LSD like it
students see what
yes students students t-test
and so on and so forth Duncan is
multiple range tests yeah
so we call it a mean because
other characteristics and it normally
moves with them
okay while an average has nothing
it's more of a an estimate
okay
okay all those have been mentioned
okay we are also assuming at this stage
before we write
that the results you got from analysis
were plotted into what we call
illustrations
data illustrations
the tables the figures the plates the
maps the what
okay now once you have those then you
can use use them for different purposes
as a result
for papers
we are going to to pick those that are
relevant to the news we have found
we will not take all of them processes
you take everything because you are
reporting on what you did and people are
assessing the quantity and the quality
of what you did but for papers we are
only interested in where there is news
for the blade doesn't contribute to that
news we would drop it
okay
okay
um
if you
I am well I know I don't I don't have to
talk about the thesis because this is
not about faces
now I think there's a presentation which
was missing now there are two ways to
the results you get from your your
research one
the results might have news
if you're prepared for that news from
The Proposal stage you remember
By Us by taking uh
primary causes that have no answers
so
there you prepared yourself for articles
right from the beginning
but I know most of us don't do that
he just to go and do research and then
after getting the results then you think
about publishing
and in many cases you will have no news
to publish
however
you can check each objective and I think
this is what happens
and especially those who encourage
writing papers and compiling them for a
thesis that each objective results into
a paper
I mean that that is redundant because if
what you are writing about has no news
who is going to read this
redundant passive kind of paper
well there are some journals Loki
journals
that will accept
that kind of publication
so if that's what you are going to do
then you go
into the
objective
and identify
elements that lend themselves to the
hypothesis
and if you remember like we said in one
of the objectives to improve agronomic
Effectiveness and economic value
so in that objective you have agronomic
effectiveness
and economic value two elements or
segments
take one at a time
check agronomical value or effectiveness
at a time
and see whether you have enough data
illustrations
lined up behind it
to constitute the beginning of a paper
okay
I will repeat
that if you had an objective saying to
improve the agronomic effectiveness
and economic value
of circum and so on and so forth we are
going to sit down there then you have
two elements or two segments
and this is because
agronomic
results cannot be published in an
economic paper
results will go to agronomic
genus
and economics results will go to
economic generals
there's no mix-up
so each one of them
can be taken separately at publishing
stage
so that we lined up we line up all the
illustrations of the data tables figures
that relates to agronomic value
alone and then those that relate to
economic whatever also lined up
in preparation for writing the paper
okay
but within agronomic effectiveness
you will realize
that very many things will have been
measured
I'll
come to that I'll show you some of the
so those very many cannot be published
in one paper again we package
some of them for one paper then another
sale for another paper and so on the
same thing with economic value
you might find that what the data you
have are too many
and you can split them into more than
one paper
okay now at this after selecting you say
You're Gonna agreement value
into
[Music]
an objective statement
as if this agronomical value was worked
on alone
as we study
and it has now
her
a specific objective
for example
uh
for example he improve algorithmic value
of slogan radium intercropping
previously we had
improve agonomic Effectiveness and
economic value
of sorghum regime integral intercropping
but here now we take each one of the
segments alone improve agronomical
effectiveness
in the Sorghum radio cropping
and then we will have improved
economic value
of sorghum legume heater cropping
okay so those are like two papers
but as I said within algorithmic value
you'll have too many things
a lot of data
that you may have to split the data into
small small sets
for different papers
and at this stage I can say also that
many of you
when coming to writing a paper you take
the title of the thesis and
cause it to be the title of the paper
that's wrong that means all the last
data a new paper will fall under one
paper
and then you will be wondering how to
reduce it to five purposes Guided by the
general guidelines
this is because you have not screened
you will not screened your data based on
the writing uh
skills
okay
now you can see
you remember in the proposals you said
the objective is the heart and soul of
The Proposal
it is the one to direct
how to write
the paper
where to end when writing
and how far to go
okay
on on the sides of the
the objective how much to write away
from the objective
so that's why we are creating the
objective right now
from the
the or the the the adamant objective
we've picked out this small one
to become now the title of
a data set of results
uh promo all that has been obtained
from the study okay so we have to get
the objective right now because you
don't Direct
the writing it's the one to give the
direction
and the scope of the paper
okay so after getting this with the
lineup of illustrations that belong to
that segment
then we are almost ready to write
okay and by now we are already
envisioning the story the research story
we want to tell
and to begin writing the different
sections of the paper based on the other
table of contents
okay
okay now
after deleting the objective
and the data sets
lined up
now the lining up is
based on the sequency or the timing when
each data set was collected during the
say for example group growing cycle or
animal growing cycle
if you took data at examination stage
that cannot come after harvest
so you the lineup will be germination
stage at tasseling
ah
at the green feeling stage and then at
the Harvest
that's the way that you are your
illustrations will be listed up
because you want to follow up science
all the way through
from thermal planting to time of harvest
so you ensure you have to line them up
like that
now after lining them up
you inspect illustration by illustration
one for
consistence of responses
remember you are replicating and
repeating so you want to see
that consistency
if there is no consistency
probably you need to throw away that
illustration because it doesn't make
sense
similarly if we if the data in the in
the illustration were not significantly
different they are not not showing
treatment differences
could probably want just to note that
there are no signature differences
in that treatment so that when we are
writing the text we include it there but
not to include the table which has not
significant differences however if the
lack of significant differences
is in itself important
if everybody thinks there should be
significant differences but here the
opportunity no signal differences then
you probably have to put it because that
is news now
because you are now contrasting with
what is known
and if I were you I would include it and
it would be probably the reason why I'm
publishing this paper
that's news okay
although the paper starts with the title
introduction we are starting with the
results and that's what my colleague
said
that the starting point of writing a
paper is with the results actually even
Essence is that's what you should do
start with the results streamline then
write about them
which is the text the text surrounding
each of the illustration
is called Data interpretation
so the section of results
contains the tables and figures and
whatever Plus the text surrounding them
now the text surrounding them is better
understood
by readers than the illustrations
themselves so you are helping the
illustrations to speak to the reader
okay
but in doing so
we are not saying that you write the
text
to to tell everything in the table of
figure no that that one is called the
double presentation of results
rather the text is telling us what the
table is not telling us
so for you as the author you know more
about this data that you can tell what
the table is not telling the reader
that's what we want for example the
table might not be clear on the trending
of data responses across the treatment
and the table is not telling us
clearly what was the highest and what
was the lowest
okay and if the response was linear
or it was called quadracho Draw what
uh
oh it was tailed or it was up and down
it's not telling us
so you the the the author has to bring
those things out
and by so doing
you are also helping yourself with the
discussion
because what you are saying here now in
results is going to cause the discussion
a rich discussion to explain those
Trends to explain the number of folds or
whatever increase
okay and the reason why you think that
they should be there
and so what that becomes now the
discussion and we are going to go
through all those
okay
now
after writing the this the results
just to continue with the discussion
discuss the results
then draw conclusions
and then you can go up
you can go up and give your paper a
title which is based on
on the objectives and the conclusion
and ideally we are we are going to
repeat this
uh for each section but ideally when you
get the conclusions
the key elements in the conclusions
become the results
over the abstract
so that you transfer those key
conclusions and abstract
and the abstract is almost done because
then you top up with
one background statement
justifying why they study then the
objective of the study
then you summarize the key methodology
belonging to that paper leading you to
the results remember this paper is being
pulled from the thesis so the thesis
methodology who
will only be in part
in this paper
and as you write this paper
we request that you put out the thesis
just pull out the tables and figures and
whatever and now write a manuscript
on its own
originating from your mind as as okay
so that the discussion is not copy and
based from the no no no
is much more focused and it is assist at
a very different level compared to the
decisions
this is as a lot of space you can play
around with but not not a manuscript
is normally assessed higher than a
master's degree
so to the extent that usually massage
student develops the app the draft
which is picked up by somebody higher
to measure up to International
acceptable levels
so then as I said you go back you give
the title you write the abstract because
you already have part of it
and then you write an introduction
that
matches
the contents the scope the objective and
results of this paper
that's why I said put away the faces or
the Project's report because it's going
to confuse you it has more than
the objective you have here now
so right an introduction that befits
and then the methodology
that will give you results
only those results that have been
selected for this paper
in the complete and sequential forms
and then after that you have a draft
paper
you you will note that
I'm not talking about citations
you can say it
what do you remember
and in the form you are used to deciding
which might be different from what
region will ask
because they are the channel selection
as we said you can select it at the
beginning
but don't follow their guidelines
because
they are going to add to tell you too
many things don't do this do that
italicize put a comma this way put
initials before or in front
rather when writing the paper use the
style you are most used to
and then you can refine you can
customize
the citations and whatever to the
General's guidelines later
and then in any case you can't be sure
that that genome will not refuse your
paper
so when it refuses
and you choose another Journal rather
than use this customized
[Music]
for the other General you just go back
then you again fine tune it for the next
Journal
For Heaven's Sake don't try to submit
one night to True generals at the same
time
even if the other channel has laid to
publish your paper
you must write to them
and ask for withdrawal
if you write two times and they are not
responding that's sufficient you can
withdraw money
submit it somewhere else
it is unethical to submit a paper in two
places at the same time
because
will involve reviewers and some of them
are paid heavily
hmm
now when one General learns that you did
that I will write to the editor of that
journal and tell him about the the
non-ethical practice
sometimes the viewers can be the same
okay sometimes the reviewers are shared
by journals
so once that is known they will drop
your paper
and they probably put it in some of
these plagiarism cases
that are cited or online
now after putting together a draft
please give to some of your colleagues
to read don't hide
you sit with the people in the office
they are doing similar things I know you
are aware of your data being stolen and
but
if you are a creative scientist the one
who seals will not go very far with what
they steal
and you know because that's not the end
of the papers you are going to create
so please allow your colleagues to read
through and many of them would like to
criticize heavily
to discourage you
that's okay
but when they advise they are not
telling you to take what they are they
are saying take out what you think is
okay and leave out the other half
but please don't leave out what is
critical
even if it is hurting be disappointing
do not leave it out you have to live
with it
because it is still going to haunt you
elsewhere
and if co-authors I know causes blade
but at least make them you know take the
responsibility of being for others
you'll get at least one responding in
time
and the course has can be very
disappointed
when you call them courses when they
really had know nothing about what you
are talking about
and once it's still if your paper is
rejected and they know their Apostles
they feel very bad
that's the time they will come out to
say but
why did you put my name
and of course the other way around they
will celebrate if the paper is accepted
and they have contributed nothing
okay
so this is the stream I've been going
through
um
select underline the results behind
what you have taken from the objective
okay
and then you can construct an objective
from the data
and we
let me say this again
we encourage that each paper
manuscript
should be advancing one message at a
time
so your objective
expensive objective you should not have
an and
okay
specific objective in a paper
which is which has earned because that
and you add will take another set of
chunk of wool tables figures and
whatever so this first first one
beforehand like
uh like ergonomic Effectiveness we take
a big chunk of tables and figures now
when you add an economic value that
means all the things that are behind the
economic value will also be taken in one
paper
those are
more than two messages
and we disallow it especially for
beginners
take one message for one man's script
and run let it run through
the objective and guide the writing of
until you get to the conclusions about
that message
okay
then you continue now with the results
do the interpretations
and the interpretation of the results
of the table and figures is to guide the
reader how to understand so so the
author must be in control of the reader
if you don't control the reader is going
to
greatly what your whole results are
about differently
and that might you might lose the reader
along the way rather it is due to
control the way is thinking and the way
is following the paper
you can achieve that
that would be great
because the reader will want to read
until the end but if they are
diversionary things along the way
you will share for your article and you
will not go back to it
and the success of your writing is when
the readers
are excited with what you are writing
and they are good to read until the end
that way you will be a very successful
researcher
and publisher
okay
then you after the results you go to
discussion as I said then you go to
conclusions and recommendations if
available
after that
you can now
go back to sections where citations are
necessary
and you could double check to see that
where you have made a very strong
statement in results and no no in the
introduction
where you made a very strong statement
you should cite the source of that
information because it is not yours
and the same thing in methodology
and here in papers we are not reviewing
literature as a section or chapter
rather we are using literature
okay
you remember at proposal stage we said
there was literature review
and literature use
so here we are using literature to
support
some of the
what we are saying with empirical data
with empirical information
and literature utilization is done after
the document is all together because
literature can be a preoccupation in
itself
and you can very easily lose the story
along the way as you engage yourself
with literature
you you may decide to go and look for an
article
and from there
you just get
disappointed you fail to get the article
and you never come back to continue
writing so it is best to write your
document first
then begin to engage the literature
and citations to see where should I say
it where should I not sight
and that's why we say the new things is
you should have a chapter on literature
review
so that when you are writing papers you
go to that chapter rather than go to the
library or go to search on internet
because most of your literature should
have been cited already
in your thesis
okay
and then finally
of course
most of the citations
uh software the reference managers
for example
there's one
well you know reference managers
before writing you set up the reference
manager if you want to use
and every time you
eventually to the time you want to cite
if you give a name and the year
and probably that's the only citation
associated with that name and here
the system will continue compiling your
references at the end
okay
but even then
you might want to double check with what
the system has compiled
to make sure that it has compiled it
correctly and completely
but if you are writing without
that software to help you that means you
are going to do things manually
so you do the citations
in the text
and then one by one at a time you
compile
according to the guidelines of the
journal how you should do it
okay
um
I think that's all
um
who write an acknowledgment
acknowledgment here
refers to
those who funded your this study
and probably those who supported the
publication
okay
or those who read the drafts
of the of this work
we are not saying you write an
acknowledgment about the farmers
about the driver about your wife about
no no no that can go to the faces if you
want
but here this is an international
document
the the donor will be proud to see in
fact they will keep searching to see
whether somebody has acknowledged them
anywhere in the world
so the donor is the key to this
and maybe somebody Who provided the lab
maybe the
champlasm
the seeds which are very rare
maybe the analysis
which is very sophisticated and rare
those are the people who want to
acknowledge in this article
and the acknowledgment should be
restricted to the results of this
article remember it came from the thesis
so we don't want this is things to come
to
the article
for example if you are thanking for
those who paid your fees and that has
nothing to do with this article
but it has a lot to do with the thesis
so you need to know how to place
whatever you are placing
okay
maybe we what is the time now
half past four maybe we
[Music]
for question is it true what I'm doing
right what time do we ending we you have
like 26 minutes remaining
okay so I think let's go to questions
this other part will be tomorrow
there are many questions there are
people are still posting just click on Q
a and I think the questions
you read for me because my site is not
very good you can stop the the screen I
can stop the screen for you and then you
see q a let me see yeah yeah I can
secure a day but my site is not yes
myself
my site is not very good okay all right
I'm not clear with impact factor please
uh
impact factor
is currently taken as a very important
factor
for a journal and the many institutions
would require that
they are scientists
published in journals with impact
factors
and there is low impact factor and high
impact factor
okay but in for impact factor ideally
is looking at
ejano whose articles are referred to
very many times in the world
okay
there's a formula for calculating it but
we are not going to learn that today
the frequency of reference to articles
in that journal if it is very high
the rate it as having a high impact for
a high impact because it is engaging
many readers many scientists
so the impact is high
low
only few are
you know citing
reading
sometimes they call it Heating
sometimes they will rate the the
reference to the act the title of the
articles
to the to the abstract
and then it reading the whole paper
scores are given so genres which have
very high ratings they are put in a high
impact factor
now there is a bit of politics
in this game
uh handy Janus from developing countries
are normally rated law
in impact factor and many of them don't
have impact factors
and so when the institutions say
consider only impact factors are
indigenous that means the journals in
Africa are being left out
I don't know whether that's enough
okay can we talk about predatory
journals well
predatory
is a
I think was initiated by one guy I
forget his name
predatory
there is a thinking
that
there's somebody out there
to whom you can refer to find out
whether a general is following
application ethics or not
and that person I don't know whether
they are more now
will will advise you and most of the
time
he's not going to read the The General
rather
he will tell you about
the the features of papers accepted
that lend themselves towards
uh
towards uh
ethical practice
for example they will pick something
like
the paper
is accepted
within two days and it is published
most likely Janu which does that
is a predatory Journal
um
or if a paper
is accessed for plagiarism
you know those plagiarism software
and it has more than 20 percent
see what they call similarity index
in other words your text is doing more
than 20 percent similar to other texts
out there
so if a general is found published in
such papers
will be called
plagiarism
through it will be grouped among the
plagiarism uh promoters
so many journals have been identified
because of that
because they have certain features which
lend themselves towards that
and they don't have to have read the
whole paper but as long as the journal
has those things
they will group them under
predatory journals
so it is advisable
to check those Preparatory journals
lists before you select a journal
otherwise your paper might be part of
those genres
and of course it won't be taken
seriously
oh it will be taken seriously
in terms of
not being considered
has a good paper
I don't know whether
otherwise just Google predatory journals
and go and defeat there's a lot of
literature on literally journalism
okay
uh
thank you for the wonderful presentation
could you please share
the slides
for the last meeting
but the meeting was recorded
especially on literature
um
what is the arrangement
moderator was recorded so I'm just
investing the reporting
I think even better that way
you know slides are called the
PowerPoint
the power is in the speech
and the bullets you can't explain your
bullets you have to listen to the speech
so would like to encourage participants
to
interact with the the presentation
because
the sessions were encoded they're on
YouTube they are but
I'm the practice of science when
participants takes lives they actually
never use them
just get the YouTube link and engage
with the slides
yeah that
all these things are on YouTube on
YouTube so if you can get they add the
link
from reform
you will have all these
okay explain the
shimago Janu ranking which is this
well
there are so many types of ranking out
there
and I kind of confess that I cannot know
all of them
but if you requested search for shimago
and see what they are saying
what kind of ranking they are they are
practicing
is there a journal for free publication
yes
Samsung was for free read the guidelines
and they will tell you
some of them have freed for developing
countries
they'll say if your paper is from a
developing country for free
otherwise
please don't choose a journal without
reading its guidelines
you will do all the customization the
what and then find asking for two
thousand dollars
publish with them and it will be very
disappointing
um so read and get clearly what they are
saying
and get to know
how frequently they publish they'll say
two times a year
but then for the last five years they
have not published
and therefore we don't know when they
will publish next
and you don't want your paper to sit
somewhere for five years
if you're 55
by the time they publish you are 60 or
even more and I don't think that will be
good
okay
okay
please explain impact factor I think
we've tried to do that
and you can read it these things are out
there just read and I can explain to you
too by us you
but just really a lot of literature is
there
even the way it is calculated
I missed response to my comment
on registering via YouTube
can I see my comment and your response
well you can send it again
I don't think we will be able to trace
it right now
if I have finished my literature
a review but I don't have data
can I write a paper yes
you can write literature review
now the purpose of literature review
is to say
uh
in this kind of research
you have found
a gap
in information to explain something
so then you go out there
read all the research available
to all the information
about this Gap
and see whether it is still a gap
and if it remains a gap
then we want you to tell us a story
that will make us agree that yeah this
is a gap
and then you you tell us
uh what kind of information needs to be
put together to fill this Gap
without doing the experiments whatever
but
just look for information that is
relevant to this Gap
so that you really need it clearly
and then you tell us the implications of
continuing to have this Gap
and if we have to address this Gap based
on again on literature
what should we do
and in most cases
this Gap is what your study is going to
fulfill so you are more or less
justifying that there is need to fill
this Gap
but this literal literaturity is going
to is not going to tell us about the
work you are going to do
yeah so this literature is part of your
thesis
but normally telling us about the Gap
the magnitude the White and the effects
defection of society if this Gap is not
addressed
okay and the proposals of how to address
it a proposal of how to address it is
actually linked with your work you are
the actual search just find your
thank you
and if we can accept this paper as a
publication
the only problem
with the student review
is that the student will be limited in
information and knowledge
about this work
so usually editors invite
review papers from experts
people who are
on top of information about a student
would turn in a review paper you're
going to be asked questions as if you
are not a student that's why on purpose
we don't see doctor Professor no no we
don't want those titles
we want you as a person so that when
there is a review it has to be a serious
review
so therefore when you offer to write a
review paper you have to take note of
that
the question is will not spare you
okay
but you can write and hide behind your
professor
so that your professor takes it up and
upgrades it to the review required by
the journey and then you will be a
co-author
but some students have managed to write
review papers and the people have been
published
otherwise usually it is the the very
highly experienced people
who write review papers now when you
write a review paper
it's not like a cutting and pasting
literature together no
we want you
we want to see your presence within this
work
to say so and so we worked on this and
got these results and so on so forth
however
their work was limited by this and this
so and so in India also did this
and arrived at this
although the study was not repeated
sufficiently to reach
tangible conclusions and so so you can
see there is you you to be to link up
and to infer
the deficiencies the strengths the word
and to give us the Headway so so what
what should we do
he in light of all this you have
reviewed
so that those links
our original in this published paper
the message that is running through is
yours and that's the original work in
this review paper and that's what we
want
so the more of it the more of your views
the more original this paper tends to be
okay
please mod it and you tell me the time
for 90 minutes
okay
um then
uh can we talk about predatory journals
I think we finished that
thank you for the could you please share
slides hey am I going backwards explain
it I have responded to some of those uh
online
I'm trying to struggle to respond to
okay
we have known what articles
but what about papers
who were the pepper is like an article
we talk about a published article we
don't talk about a published manuscript
because in demands of itself we know
it's not yet there
I hope I've answered that
by having written a manuscript
you cannot claim to have written a paper
until it is accepted yes
how can we be able to get
papers
for consideration
of course
that's why you are going through this
skills
we are scaling you
but you can imagine we are starting in
the afternoon
to uh
to
sometimes I'll even that's not
sufficient time
we are actually we are trying to
motivate you to read
read and read and the more you read the
more you get the styles
the more you read you you get people's
minds
and as you compare with the general
guidelines
you end up getting exactly what is is
correct and so then you can
then then you'll be able to get good
papers
okay
dear proof thanks
nice presentation can you talk about
uh articles in the proceedings
well proceedings
I think should be the closest sister to
the journals
but proceedings
uh reports of a meeting normally big
meeting conference uh
yeah conferences
now proceedings
include more than the papers
that were presented
and usually the
quality control is not as much as in the
journal
so the papers that were presented
almost including all the good ones the
bad ones it's like accountability for
management
and then the business meeting
the board of whatever the society
for which the Conference was held the
Eminence must appear in there the
attendance at least and the addresses
and so on
the founders
all those who appear in proceedings
is only
targeting acceptable articles
it's very restricted
we specify the number of pages the fonts
the
lines spacing the cable thing even if
you have 100 tables and figures we don't
want that we will say we want up to five
figures or tables
so you have to fit your message in that
small space where we are giving you
proceedings might be a bit you if you
know what a proceedings are normally the
books are bigger
bigger than a German
because they contain a lot of things in
there
but the papers
sometimes are also evaluated
and they contribute towards the final
grade
to find a score when the assessing
performance
of a candidate
okay
excuse me
how to differentiate your good journey
to others which are
what
others which are for inter
cepting
only money
um
where
um sorry
that how do you tell a good genre from
Barbie Journal
there are many
guidelines
they are not writing to press to pester
you for publication you know there are
journals which keep writing and they are
soliciting for the applications those
who want money and publish within two
days within two days they are published
that they are looking for money they
don't have review comments sent to you
there are so memory and sometimes these
are very very small things so they don't
have a board
Advisory Board there's a report and you
see it in their Journal it is a printed
version they don't have an editorial
team
and sometimes it's a one-person desk
they are not regular in their
publication cycle they would say they
are publishing another reporter then
they don't come through
they just work hard
[Music]
which I one person General
you find that the the the general has
daily papers seven of those are
published by doing the editor themselves
so
there are just too many things huh I
think we have this late at some point I
well answering these questions I'm
seeing so many things that we need to
repackage in the subsequent days and
address them because some of the things
we have said them in passing but looks
like they are the better questions that
are coming back so we may have to
repackage and address these issues yeah
we appreciate the questions because they
are now giving us a direction we have to
go because our approach is not based on
textbook moments that is based on our
experience a little experience audience
[Music]
but you can also ask your supervisor
I think your supervisor is a good
starting point
because they know more about publishing
they know where prominent scientists
published
prominent scientists were not publish in
a bad engine
that one you can be sure
okay
um
good afternoon
how do we get
higher qualifications through
publication
where
I am almost sure that every PhD student
could be required
to have at least one publication
before they graduate
and they have to give evidence of that
either accepted or submitted depending
on the guidelines of the University
so it is not a casual thing that you you
you get
a
higher qualification even a masters in
some universities
I'm sure some qualities have today I
know this
yeah it's a requirement
at the increasingly so
it does does can we
or do we write just to get high impact
factor or index
well
impact factor
is both for the article and the journal
if you get high impact factor
it depends on who is evaluating your
your paper or your article
your food that is part of the assessment
yes they will go for it
but you should know
what is behind impact factor it's the
the number of people who are reading
your paper
that will determine the impact factor
sure
then
I think we can be closing up because now
it is
time okay I think the rest of the
questions we can answer
online
we thank you for your attention
so we prepare for tomorrow
today there is no homework because we
just started
but you can still continue sending us
questions and we try to give feedback
and also improve to change our slides
accordingly
thank you very much bro
uh so we also thank the
the participants for attending in large
numbers right now to give the flow to
Professor rogerio to give closing
remarks
foreign
thank you very much uh I would like to
ask to respond to club for facilitators
that our really good
they really
took us
to a really good starting point about
academic writing skills I'm sure from
what we we participated
at the end we'll learn a lot I would
like to thank everybody to Rockefeller
particularly sorry the the reform
particularly
for once again
um joining us the center of excellence
in agrofood system and nutrition
to provide these uh go to Quality
training which is really critical and
important uh for us Africans thank you
very much uh until tomorrow
thank you thank you Prof and bye to the
participants