Sarah Mardini: From Refugee Rescue to Criminalization

Name: سارة مارديني .. سباحة عابرة للقارات | من لاجئة إلى سجينة
Uploaded: 2026-04-28T19:30:05+00:00
Duration: 52 min 12 s
Channel: Al Jazeera Documentary الجزيرة الوثائقية
Description: Summary and key takeaways on سارة مارديني .. سباحة عابرة للقارات | من لاجئة إلى سجينة — Summary, covering Background and Migration In 2015 Sarah and Yusra

Al Jazeera Documentary الجزيرة الوثائقية

Apr 28, 2026

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52 min video

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2 min read

YouTube video ID: U1bveI-_XTs

Source: YouTube video by Al Jazeera Documentary الجزيرة الوثائقية — Watch original video

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In 2015 Sarah and Yusra Mardini fled war‑torn Damascus with their family. During the perilous boat crossing from Turkey to Greece, the sisters swam for three and a half hours, pushing a vessel carrying 19 people toward safety. After reaching Lesbos, Yusra joined the first refugee Olympic team and became a UNHCR goodwill ambassador, while Sarah returned to the island as a volunteer rescuer, later moving to Berlin to continue humanitarian work.

Legal Persecution

Greek authorities arrested Sarah Mardini and fellow activist Sean Binder in August 2018. The indictment lists migrant smuggling, money laundering, forgery and espionage among the charges, implicating 37 people in the original case and leaving 24 defendants in the ongoing proceedings. The legal document fails to name individuals precisely, violating fair‑trial rights and rendering the process procedurally flawed. Sarah spent 107 days in pre‑trial detention before being released on bail, yet she remains under the threat of a potential 25‑year prison sentence.

The Impact of Criminalization

The criminalization of humanitarian volunteers has produced a chilling effect on search‑and‑rescue missions on Lesbos; operations have effectively ceased as activists fear prosecution. Defendants endure severe mental‑health challenges, including flashbacks, chronic stress and emotional exhaustion, described as a “chess game” where lives are treated as expendable. Living in legal limbo for three years, they receive no official communication about trial dates, intensifying anxiety and uncertainty. Sarah sums up the burden: “I’m out on bail, but I’m not free,” and adds, “There’s no more time for hope. There’s time for action.”

Advocacy and Future

Media coverage and public pressure have amplified the case, revealing an estimated 150 similar prosecutions worldwide. Activists argue that the risk of drowning must never be weaponized to deter migration. Legal fees are described as “unbelievable,” though scholarships and campaigning provide limited relief. The broader call urges systemic change, rejecting passive hope in favor of concrete action to protect humanitarian work.

Takeaways

Sarah and Yusra Mardini fled Syria in 2015, swimming for three and a half hours to push a boat of 19 refugees to safety before becoming an Olympian and a humanitarian volunteer.
Greek authorities arrested Sarah Mardini and others in 2018, charging them with migrant smuggling, money laundering, forgery and espionage despite procedural flaws and vague evidence.
Criminalization has halted search‑and‑rescue operations on Lesbos, creating a chilling effect and causing severe mental‑health strain for defendants who endured 107 days of pre‑trial detention.
Public advocacy highlights roughly 150 similar cases worldwide and demands systemic change, emphasizing action over hope.
Potential penalties include up to 25 years in prison, while legal fees remain "unbelievable," underscoring the personal and financial burden on volunteers.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why were Sarah Mardini and other volunteers charged with espionage in Greece?

Authorities accused the volunteers of facilitating illegal entry and alleged espionage, bundling those claims with smuggling and money‑laundering charges. The indictment lacks specific evidence and fails to name individuals clearly, making the charges procedurally questionable.

How has the criminalization of volunteers affected rescue operations on Lesbos?

The threat of prosecution has caused search‑and‑rescue missions on Lesbos to effectively stop, as volunteers fear legal repercussions. This chilling effect reduces aid for migrants and amplifies the psychological trauma of those still involved in humanitarian work.

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Helpful resources related to this video

If you want to practice or explore the concepts discussed in the video, these commonly used tools may help.

Books On The Global Refugee Crisis Recommended

Provides historical and political context on the migration patterns and humanitarian challenges discussed in the documentary.

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Journal For Mental Health And Stress

Offers a tool for processing the emotional exhaustion and trauma associated with legal battles and displacement.

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Explores the legal and ethical frameworks of humanitarian aid and the fight against the criminalization of volunteers.

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Full Transcript YouTube

Talk to young men and boys about sex,
relationships, making them healthy,
unhealthy,
They still want to be like their jacket.
>> I might have these like four class one
day.
Then you were arrested. So why were you
arrested? I was arrested because
basically I was every night on the
shoreline handing over water and
blankets and translating for the
refugees arriving. And this is how I see
it and how government see it and the
policies that they think or they believe
that the volunteers who are on the
shorelines encouraging assisting illegal
the entry of illegal migrants at the end
of the day I'm a full-time student
>> and in the same time I have a case and I
have 25 years hanger in top of my head
and why it was harder because the fact
imagine yourself living for 107 days you
don't know why you're locked up. You
don't know what's going to happen
tomorrow. You don't know what's going to
happen if like it just it just drove me
crazy. Like I start questioning myself
and I'm like maybe I'd done something
wrong.
I come from an athlete family in
Damascus, Syria.
My sister Yusra and I grew up in a
swimming pool.
In 2015,
the pool is pumped.
I'm 20,
she's 17,
and we flee the war.
We are on a boat from Turkey to Greece.
There are 19 people around me and we are
drowning.
I jump in the water. I take the boat in
one hand and I push. My sister follows
and after three and a half hours of
pushing and pulling, we reach the island
of Lesus.
It is 2016 and the story of the two
swimming sisters exploded. We got this
publicity out of nowhere.
Einhosy.
We settled down in Berlin, but I was
injured
>> and have to stop swimming.
Nationalism and xenophobia are emerging
in strength again in Europe.
foreign.
I go back to Lesbos to volunteer as a
humanitarian
and that's where my label was changed
from a refugee to a rescuer.
>> How many were there? 15 13.
>> Yeah, it's all women's and kids.
At some point, you know, the situation,
the time that you were in, it just gets
you to change.
I found that I can handle stuff. I never
thought one day I can do it. And I found
the this warrior part inside myself.
The shift in politics of asylum in
Europe have militarized borders and cast
suspicion on humanitarianism.
21st August 2018, I'm arrested in
Greece. And I'm not the only one.
Humanitarians across Europe are being
criminalized for helping people in need.
The authorities detained me and my
colleague Sean Binder in high security
prisons in Greece.
>> Free free Sarah.
>> Free free Sarah.
>> Free free.
>> Thank you so much for being here.
Humanity is not a crime. Thank you.
>> Free Sarah. Free free.
>> After three and a half months, we are
released on bail.
>> Guys, come.
>> I'm out on bail, but I'm not free.
I'm banned from Greece and waiting for a
trial to prove my innocence.
>> We're good. We're good. We're good.
Okay, guys.
>> Ready?
>> Costas, where are you?
>> Yeah, I can't see deny.
>> And Costas, come here. Okay,
professional one.
Okay, stupid one.
>> B college in Berlin helped campaigning
for my release. I had a full scholarship
and they covered some of my legal fees.
So just few days after coming out of
prison, I'm back on campus.
Not sure what I prefer,
prisoner.
They are accused of being members of a
criminal team. They're accused of being
members of a team that was conducting
the crime of migrant smuggling. They
were accused of laundering money and
forgery because they happened to be
inside the car with forge plates and
also I forgot to say espionage.
>> Have other people been similarly
uh accused of crimes?
>> Yeah, in this case there are 37 people
involved. It's the first time that
somebody expresses so often that typical
operation and typical duties of an NGO
is a criminal act.
>> Could you talk a little bit about the
time you spent in jail?
>> My bed just became my living room, my
kitchen and my library and place to
sleep. And we used to smuggle letters
through books for each other.
>> The wrong word I would say.
>> I mean,
>> we sent each other letters.
>> Sent each other letters through book.
Uh, but I was impatient the whole time
and I was just calling my lawyers angry
the whole time because I want to leave.
>> What we did was I believe and we think
is right. There's nothing wrong with
trying to pull drowning people out of
the water or trying to
not have families go into hypothermic
shock or not have pregnant women
experience contractions on the side of a
cliff or show children that they are
allowed to be children by learning or
have people not suffer from parasites
because they have no pink clothing.
There's nothing wrong with that.
>> Do you feel that this may perhaps um
instill some fear in future volunteers
um
going forward? I guess
>> yes. Because there's still fear inside
me already. So, I I imagine that
everyone else in the island now is a
scared
It wasn't easy at the very beginning
when I got released.
There's always that question. What's
next for Sarah?
>> I have to write my essay and 3,000 word.
>> I'm going to see what I can write and
I'm just going to write it.
So I can get ready to go out and get in
the going out mood.
Yeah. Now you never saw me in class. You
look nerd.
After Yusra and I came to Europe, the
rest of the family joined us. My parents
and my youngest sister Shahed.
After realizing that family reunion
might take up to three years, my parents
decided to take the same journey as we
did.
The rest of the family also crossed by
boat from Turkey to Greece. But we never
spoke about it with them because simply
we can't
Do you think this is a crime? You can
knock your head. Do you think this is a
crime? Did you know that there is
something called criminalizing
humanitarians happening maybe couple of
kilometers away from here?
5 seconds out. Out.
>> Stay there. You're safe. Stay there.
Okay.
>> Can we take him in, please?
NOS's face a new wave of
criminalization.
Europe,
the so-called nest of human rights and
civil liberties, did not consider them
worse to touch its land.
It was hard to be a European citizen in
those days. It felt very shameful.
>> And then a few smiley ones.
>> That's hard after being neutral.
Okay,
>> I cannot be serious right now.
>> I think we have to focus on our
silliness. That's that's what people
want to see more of.
>> That's what the fans love.
>> Just leave love in the side, please.
>> Okay, we're ready to go.
>> Jean says we're out. He's trying to find
a job. Everybody is saying no for him
because of the case.
My own story have me covered and
protected. But John is just a normal guy
who want a job. You know, he finished
his masters and he want to live normal.
>> It's been a year like this. If I'm in
this place, I don't know how I can
survive it.
>> That's good.
>> Where you going with your chin? I'm
>> trying to get elevation here.
how this issue of humanitarianism being
criminalized across Europe, you know,
how did you feel when you kind of
realized that you were in prison because
of this wider issue.
>> It felt like a chess and we are just
soldiers inside and they're just playing
with us. But at the end of the day,
we're lives. We we're people. It's a lot
of emotional
uh exhaustion. Yeah. for me now I I
don't want to do any volunteering work
in the EU because it just it's it's
creepy. It's scary to do it like uh a
lot of requests and I said no I don't
want to do anything in here anymore.
>> There's a push from you know parts of
the political spectrum that are saying
we need to stop asylum seeking because
we can't host any more people.
>> It doesn't matter if you're on the right
or the left. No one should risk drowning
because of that. Even if you end up not
granting them asylum, the risk of
drowning should never be a calculation.
It should never be used as a tool to
stop migration. It's just completely
wrong. It's illegal. It's immoral.
>> Since she got out of jail, my sister has
not been herself. I know her.
S was fearless. She knew exactly what
she wanted. I feel like it's it's making
her nervous. Like she's afraid of
starting something new because of the
case.
>> Since we were young, I would say I was
very competitive and I still am to be
honest. Kind of. My dad created this
competition between me and Sara.
I started swimming at the age of five
because my father was a swimming coach.
I grew up in the water.
The first crack that happened between
us, it was when was going to the Olympic
Games and I was jealous and I wasn't
really there for her.
This is a historic moment. I can
announce to you the members of the first
ever refugee Olympic team
>> Mardini of the refugee Olympic team. The
young lady in lane number four is Yusra
Mardiniah. She came across from Syria as
a refugee.
From that boat journey to Europe, my
whole spine was dislocated from its
place. And then I couldn't swim anymore.
I just felt I didn't know what to do
because that was the only thing I know
how to do.
Mardini is UNHCR's youngest goodwill
ambassador that the organization has had
in its long history.
>> Yasra, we could not be prouder of you
for your courage
and your resilience and the great
example that you're setting for
children everywhere.
I felt that I lost my identity and
that's why I went back to Greece to
figure out myself again to be
independent again.
When she was in Lesos, we realized that
this is what makes her happy the most
that this is her place.
I don't think she ever felt supported by
me because she told me to visit a lot
and I never did. But also that period
was like the busiest period of my life.
I didn't hear this since 5 years.
>> Yeah. Go for the prayer.
Me and my sister, we are invited for an
event called What's Really Matter.
>> It's basically organized by Princess
Lara Fel from Jordan and it's going to
it's all going to be in Arabic and with
my sister. Two things that I never done
before so far. So, I don't know how it's
going to go.
>> Really? Back to the Middle East. Very
good.
She have her way and I have my way. She
always say I'm angry. I'm angry person
fighting the fire and she's more chill
and like have more like beautiful
flowery way of fighting but actually I'm
not angry but I'm like straightforward.
I hate directly.
>> We are Oh, sorry. I was trying to be a
mommy. I played
Okay. So, I I'm Fernando and I'm
finishing my last couple of words. Thank
you very much. It's a blah blah blah. We
love you. I love you.
>> They tried in the beginning to say ah
our story blah blah. And I was like,
it's not my story only. My sister was
involved. A lot of people were involved.
And I did not pull the boat the whole
way. It's it's impossible for any
swimmer. Ask any swimmer like world
champion. Didn't they say that there was
once a headline saying that you guys
pulled the boat from Syria?
>> Something like that.
>> The boat came from Syria to Greece.
>> From Syria to Germany to Germany.
Germany.
>> And the thing also like we have we
always have to explain that refugees
actually pay a lot of money to get to
Europe. Like we both paid like 10,000
>> across only from Turkey to Greece.
>> 5,000 gives you what? Like
>> but you gives you the chance to die or
survive in the water.
>> Yes.
I do like that.
>> After swimming in the Rio Olympics 2016,
Yistra is training to qualify again for
the Olympic Games in Tokyo 2020 as part
of the refugee Olympic team.
My lane was number two when I won the
bronze medal here.
>> The year?
>> Yeah. So, younger?
>> Yeah. I was 14.
>> I loved swimming and I was really
hardworking girl and I always swam extra
than everyone else.
>> Longer.
>> Longer because I because of my
hyper body. I think back then we didn't
know.
>> You still had
>> AD. Yeah. Like I was so young.
So, what is best butterfly or this uh
>> freestyle?
>> Freestyle.
>> There's no best. They're all different
things.
>> And they say the you know you're a good
swimmer, the less water you have around
you.
>> You see the flying water from the
movement.
>> Yeah.
>> The the best techniques is the less
amount of water splashing.
>> I wish that we have this in Europe. It's
so beautiful.
The blue color of the water. This is
life itself for me. Just the blue color
of the swimming pool.
It's just like a breath of fresh air
when I see this color. And you don't see
it in the sea anywhere else. Even the
taste of the water, the feeling of the
water just life itself for me.
It was my safe zone. This was where I
find myself and where I
settled down.
It was like meditation.
The feeling of being in the water and
competing is still in my veins till now.
I'll be dead right now if I wasn't
swimmer.
What is that?
Me too.
>> You can learn something.
Now,
come on.
foreign
million.
Wait, wait, wait, wait, wait.
Sharish.
Yor
I got a lot of flashbacks the last
couple weeks. You don't know when it
hits you. It just like click and then
you you feel like someone just take you
back there.
The jail where I was living that
emotions the stress that I had thinking
about things.
I am not good with fear, emotions or
stress. And whenever it hits me, my
whole body is shivering because the pain
and all the exhaustion that I the mental
exhaustion that I had, it just hit me
quick.
I'm with you, but my mind is not with
you. I'm not in control of my body right
now.
And then I was fighting and like leave
me alone, leave me alone, leave me
alone.
Then I closed my eyes. This pain, this
emotions, this flashbacks, everything
it's you. You just need to accept that
it's part of you right now.
I don't want it to be part of me, but
actually it is part of me. That's why
it's coming out.
And I just put my arms out up
and it just like when you let go and you
just let everything come in.
Okay. You want to freak me out? Let's do
it.
Heat.
Heat.
So what can people do to help
both the case that you're in now and
also just like the wider refugee crisis
that's happening?
>> It's not about me alone as Sarah. There
is 150 cases the same like me around the
whole world. Number one, you can speak
up. And the same way we are able to go
millions on the streets for climate
change, we can go in millions for
refugees rights and we can go in
millions for the criminalizing of
humanitarians. We just need to come out
of your comfort zone. You need your
willing will and do it. I'm so sorry to
say that, but there's no more time for
hope. There's time for action. We all
should stand up and act because we've
been hoping for so many years and we
need to act right now. All of us.
Your sister said about you, but no one
can get you to stay quiet. And I hope
for all of our sake, no one does.
Even though there are no updates from
Greece, the trial is costing time and
money.
Our legal fees are adding up with a lot
of help we manage, but the legal bills
are just unbelievable.
Oh yeah, I'm trying to change
everything. My therapist said that I'm
in midlife crisis but in on my 20s
earlier I got enrolled into politics and
everything because when we arrived here
we just I don't know like we just get
channeled and we went with it like we
technically went with a flow but then
now I'm realizing I think because I
started therapy that I never actually
thought about my decisions. I always
just follow my heart.
But now I do and I don't want to do
another day doing things that I'm not
motivated to do.
I don't want to even write another essay
in the school for a subject that I'm not
interested in.
I was staying in this school because I
was enjoying the comfort zone of that
money. And then at the end I felt like
this was just taking toll on me and my
brain and my time. And then I decided to
just leave.
I think if I will own all this place,
I'll make all my friends dreams come
true.
Mine too.
We can make it a temporary emergency
camp to people in emergency situation or
mental health camp because it's in the
nature.
So people can come here and just chill.
It's pretty damaged though.
The fire was sparked overnight. Several
shacks went up in flames around the camp
before the entire compound began to
burn.
Moria is basically Europe's largest and
worst refugee camp.
This where the food lines were up here.
Looks like exactly like
how back home when everything was
destroyed.
Um, I was released exactly almost two
years ago.
I was released in December actually.
Yeah, two years ago I was still in
prison and
we are still criminals and we are still
waiting for our court dates to happen.
Hopefully one day. Um the last couple
months we all know about what happened
in Moria and about the fire.
We were all against rebuilding Moria and
they rebuilt even worse and then we
demonstrated and talked about it for a
couple days but now we forgot again
what has been happening around this.
Do we actually see anyone doing
something about it? Are we doing
something about it apart from here and
protesting or we just keep it normal and
normalize it and everything's cool and
we go back to normal.
>> They want me to join the mission. Next
mission
>> where
>> uh I didn't read the email yet cuz I was
coming here but it made me a bit like oh
 like you know I'm back on the move.
If I do this I'm out of here again.
My name is S Margi. Solidarity is not a
crime.
That's the bow. That was my area.
I give them a lot of emergency blankets
and wrap them.
I was happy. Isn't he nice?
So you're just talking. We they love
having conversations and we just sit and
like we're talking to one and then
slowly slowly they all come closer and
then it's like a big circle of people
living cocart.
>> Yeah. That's That's a horrible
day because we couldn't bring them. They
took them on board, but we witnessed
everything. We saw them hitting them. It
was so bad that day.
This one we could risk drowning ourself
if we rescue them because of the
capacity on board for the safety of the
ship. And then the head of mission and
the head of engineers decided that we
can take them.
And you see how they cheer up in one
moment that someone like
life changes from death to life. Um
yeah, it's just tough, you know, like
and they alive now. It's something that
that's why I'm like who are other humans
to Yeah.
I cannot speak about it. I don't
understand. Why would anyone do that to
anyone?
What the is going on in the world?
Who are you to decide that I can leave
that person drowned and seeing the
Libyan Coast Guard hitting them? Who are
you to say to me, no, you're not allowed
to interfere?
Who are you to give me laws to follow
when you're yourself not following it?
Who are you?
This is me standing in front of the
whole world. I do not support what's
going on and I'm not going to be part of
it.
You know, I have a message I I
completely believe in and I'm going to
fight for it.
I got a phone call from Sean and he was
telling me that the trial days are up.
And then here in this situation, you're
like, what is going on?
You are being persecuted. You have a
trial date and you didn't even receive
official paperwork.
It wasn't easy at all. I I just woke up
and then
I I heard what Stor was saying and the
first thing like I cried I just been
like I don't want to go back to prison.
I just do not want to go back there.
And then my body is like one last fight.
We did it before. We can do it again.
I'm so stressed. I'm like trying to be
normal as much as possible.
Yeah, for me it's it was it was wild as
well cuz I was so used to limbo and I
didn't realize how comfortable I'd
become with
being in limbo and knowing that it's not
going ahead and suddenly was going to be
a trial. It was difficult.
>> You should start smoking. That will help
distress.
>> Yeah, that's not happening. I am not
even drinking coffee at the moment. I am
on the I just got my white belt in
kickboxing. I'm trying to
>> nice
>> get ready for prison basically.
>> Don't joke about it. We're not
going to prison. We're not going to
prison. We're not going to prison. I'm
sorry.
>> Whoa, man.
Okay. Voila. Not going to make my
feelings take over me. Not right now.
The Greek authorities kept me in prison
because they were afraid I would escape
my own trial. And now they won't even
let me back in the country because they
believe I'm a threat to the national
security.
There's 24 people in our case and I'm
being singled out.
I'm not giving my basic right to defend
myself in the courthouse.
I go to Rome. I need to be alone to get
my energy back together to be able to
stand in solidarity with my friends in
Greece.
I feel like we've always been here since
then.
We haven't really left it. Chris has
been on my mind every single day for 3
years. I know it's been on Sarah's mind,
too.
I mean, just being completely honest,
like The media is interested in Sarah's
story.
>> Sounds so weird, but
you know, in some ways I'm lucky that it
was Sarah who was arrested with me or
that we were arrested together because
if it had been me alone, for example, I
don't think there'd be as much interest
from the media. And you know, the media
has been hugely important for our
release from pre-trial prison and is
hugely important for public opinion now
as well. Now, as a friend, of course, I
wish that she never was involved in
this, but as a codefendant,
couldn't think of a better partner in
crime, as it were.
>> Hey,
how are you, dude?
>> I'm good. How are you? I just landed in
Rome. You guys do the trial. I'm on
holiday for 10 days.
I'm scared from the process of the whole
thing. I'm just worried that some stupid
decisions happens, you know, and make us
again um we don't really have much
energy left like and and we're wasting
everything we have now for this case. Um
money, time, and energy. So, let's see
what's going to happen.
What do I expect?
>> This prosecution has done a very poor
job of sending an indictment. The
indictment doesn't name people. It
numbers people. So, people don't know
what they're defending themselves
against. This is clearly a violation of
their right to a fair trial.
>> What is the damage that has already been
done? There is no more search and rescue
on the island of Lesos at all because it
has frightened away everyone.
>> Thank you. Cool.
>> Thank you.
Come on.
I hope they don't respond. Oh my god,
I'm going to be so angry if they
respond.
to the castle.
One of the 24 defendants is a lawyer.
Yeah.
>> So according to the Greek legislation, a
lawyer can be judged only by a higher
court.
>> Okay. Thank you, Sakaria.
>> So what are you going to do now? We're
going back. And when do you think this
is going to be over?
>> There's no indication. We could be
waiting for years more. We will be
waiting for years more. That's the
problem. And while I wait, what can we
do? We have to wait in limbo, unable to
continue with our lives, unable to
provide the kind of care that's required
at the shoreline, unable to do anything
but wait for this trial to finally get
its act together, for this prosecution
to do their job correctly.
>> I just want to be innocent, all of us.
Just let us go. That's the only case
scenario that we want. Just let us
 go just in one piece because we
can't live like this anymore.
I don't know how much more trauma we're
going to get now and how are we going to
be able to live with it later.
Just live me to be alive with the peace
that I have already in me and let me go
Heat. Heat.
Heat. Heat.

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آل فرنجيه.. الباشوات الحمر | قصة عائلة سياسية بين الحرب والتحالفات

Al Jazeera Documentary الجزيرة الوثائقية

Apr 28, 2026

Legal Persecution

The Impact of Criminalization

Advocacy and Future

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