Understanding State Land and Territorial Rights in Indonesia

Name: State Land And Territorial Rights
Uploaded: 2026-01-15T21:19:26.212267+00:00
Channel: Unchu_Rizki
Description: Summary and key takeaways on Understanding State Land and Territorial Rights in Indonesia, covering Introduction The presentation was delivered by Group 6

Unchu_Rizki

Jan 15, 2026

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3 min read

YouTube video ID: nly9uvfGqcs

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Introduction

The presentation was delivered by Group 6 (Ratno, Sopi Laoren Milila, Kevin Manda, Sara Vianita, Muhammad Fadil, Alvin Khair) and covered state land, land distribution, recognition, customary rights, and indigenous territorial rights.

Definition of State Land

State land is land directly controlled by the state and not owned by any other party.
It differs from customary (wakaf) land and regional‑owned assets.
Uses include public infrastructure, facilities, economic activities, and natural resource management.

Management of State Land

Managed by the government through policies and regulations that serve the public interest.
Allocation can be for infrastructure, public facilities, or conservation areas.
Supervision is carried out by the relevant ministries to ensure compliance, transparency, accountability, and sustainability, considering environmental and social aspects.

Land Distribution and Agrarian Reform

Land distribution involves allocating land to individuals, groups, or entities and has economic, social, and political dimensions.
Agrarian reform is the main instrument, encompassing land redistribution, consolidation, and certification.
Goals: reduce ownership inequality, provide access to marginal farmers, boost agricultural productivity, and support national development.

Recognition of State Land

Recognition is the systematic inventory and registration of land that the state controls.
It includes gathering juridical and physical data, defining boundaries, and recording in the land administration system.
Challenges: overlapping claims, limited data, and conflicts with indigenous peoples.
Transparent and fair recognition is essential for effective management.

Customary (Territorial) Rights

Territorial rights are obligations and privileges of customary law communities over their land.
They regulate settlement, agriculture, and natural resource use within the community.
The community head (or alliance leader) oversees the orderly use and administration of the land.

Delegated Management Rights (HPL)

The state can delegate management rights to government agencies, state‑owned enterprises, or other legal entities.
Delegates must follow the land‑use plan set by the state.
Applications are submitted to the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs via local land offices, often using the Physical Position of Land (PPT) certificate as proof of ownership, simplifying registration for communities lacking full documentation.

Indigenous Peoples' Territorial Rights

Constitution Article 18B(2) mandates recognition of indigenous peoples' rights to their territories.
Special autonomy in Papua (Law No. 21/2001) is a milestone for such recognition.
Real protection requires inclusion in development planning, natural resource management, and access to justice.
The systematic land registration program (PTSL) uses the Physical Position of Land certificate to simplify ownership proof for indigenous groups.

Examples of State Land and Territorial Rights

State land examples: land for roads, bridges, airports, reclaimed land, land created by sedimentation, land acquired through expropriation, converted forest land, abandoned land, land with expired rights.
Territorial rights examples: cultivation rights for agriculture or plantations, building rights for structures on land not owned by the holder.

Conclusion

State land is a public asset managed transparently to support infrastructure, natural resource stewardship, and agrarian reform.
Recognizing territorial rights of indigenous and customary communities is vital for legal protection, sustainable management, and reducing agrarian inequality.
Collaboration among government, indigenous peoples, and other stakeholders is essential for balanced socio‑economic and environmental outcomes.

Effective state land management and genuine recognition of indigenous territorial rights are key to sustainable development, equitable land distribution, and social harmony in Indonesia.

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Helpful resources related to this video

If you want to practice or explore the concepts discussed in the video, these commonly used tools may help.

Indonesian Agrarian Law Textbook Recommended

Provides comprehensive legal framework and case studies on state land, agrarian reform, and indigenous rights, helping readers deepen their understanding of the topics discussed

Amazon →

Gis Land Management Software For Indonesia

Enables mapping, inventory, and monitoring of state and customary lands, supporting transparent and accountable land administration as highlighted in the presentation

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Online Course On Indigenous Land Rights In Southeast Asia

Offers structured learning on legal recognition, policy implementation, and community engagement, aligning with the discussion on indigenous territorial rights

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Full Transcript YouTube

Asalamualaikum warahmatullahi
wabarakatuh. Weform group 6 will present
material about state and state land and
territorial rights. We have six member
namely ratno, Sopi Laoren Milila Kevin
Manda Sara Vianita, Muhammad Fadil and
Alvin Khair. Oke, the first material
will be present by Sarah. Sarah is
welcome.
Oke, here I will read the first
material. namely definition of state
land state line is land that is control
direct by the state and is not on by
line by other parties this mean that no
other party has right to the land that
land is different from customary land
and wakaf land and is not include in the
category of state
eh or regional owned asset. The use of
stateline can vary ranging from public
purpose such a infrastructure
development development public eh
facilities to economy activities that
provide benefit to the weder community.
The state as a
responsative of public interest. has the
authority to regulate and manage this
land of
the great prosperity of the people so
thank you
how state land is
managed management of state lens is
carried out by the the govern government
through various policies and regulation
regulation is in accordance with the
public interest state l can be allocated
for public purpose such as
infrastructure public facilities or
conservation areas and can be
gr
utilization right to certain part
through
of
use right
building use right or use right
supervision and management of this lens
is carried
out by the relevant minister and
institution so that is use remains in
accordance with with regulation and
does not cause
conflict management of state l must be
carried on out in a transparent
accountable and
sustainable manner taking into account
environmental and social aspect
eh oke i will explain the material about
how to state
landign Land
distribution. Land distribution is a
process of allocation and distributing
land of certain individual group or
entities which involves economic social
and politic aspect.
This process involved several
mechanisme. One of them is that agrarian
reform is the main instrument for land
distribution which can be carried out
through
several make change such as land
distribution land reform land
consolidation and certification land red
distribution aim to reduce
ownership
inequality by providing access to smell
of farmer and marginalis
communities
researches emphasis fair distribution of
land contribution to reducing property
and increasing agriculture
productivity however is implementation
of face
of eh ok i will explain about the
material acknowledgement of
stateline eh based on agrarian law
journal state land recognitation is the
process of determining the status of
land as an asset controlled and
management by the state. Indonesian
agrarian law highlights that
recognitation of statel is career out
systematic inventory and
registration the
state has the authority the regulate to
allocation eh use and the legal relation
relate to the land eh state land can
come from land to which right have not
been attached
landw been expired or landw have
beenqued by the right holder the
recognitation process involves pression
of juridical and physical data
determination of boundaries and
recording in the land administration
system eh challengen challenges in state
land recognization include overlapping
claims
limited special data and conflict with
traditional eh of indigenous
people transparence and fair
recognization is the key to
effectiv effective stateline management
for the benefit of the community eh
thank you
well I will explain to the material
about the definition of the tutorial
right the tutorial right are
and obligation of the customary law
community overland within their tutority
the hect thatity the orderly use of the
land for settlement agriculture and
regut the
legalopship between people and land
continue terity right along individual
under the arment of the head of the
alliance as the provin to reg the usel
and natura together is
legal relationship between a legal
community and particular andentory which
prov that authority regular and
administration of the us some sample and
of the
I
will my to
moderator. Oke. Eh now eh I will reading
of material six eh the right to manage
eh is a state own net right eh that is
delegated to government against state
owned enterprises or other government's
legal entities eh granting them eh the
authority
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local empower
HP agreement with practice
the utilization of HP eh must be in
accordance with the land used a plan
determined by the state which has The
authority to regulate land use and
maintenance application for HPL are
submitted to the minister of agrariance
affers through the local land office by
attaching and physical data of the land.
In the PTSR program the certificate of
physicalion of land positions of
land eh can be used a substitute
substitute for a proof of ownership eh
simplifying the land registration
process for
communic communities that do not have
complete docum. Thank you. Eh, oke. Eh
the recognition of indigenous people's
right to their territories by the state
is implementation of the
constitutional mandate the recognizes
and respects the rights of indigenous
peoples as stipulated in article eh 18b
paragraph 2 of
the
1945
constitution eh this recognizing
is based of the development of ideal
legal values and reflex appreciation for
the existence of indigenous peoples with
all their uniqueness and tradition.
Eh special autonomy in Papua as a
regulated in LA number 21 of
2001 eh is
a eh is a significant milestone in the
recognition of indigenous peoples right
in Indonesia.
More than just a formal
recognition the existence of indigenous
territories request real protection from
the government and
policemaker eh including in the process
of development planning and natural
resource management this prication of
effort include the affirmation eh of
indigenous territory eh bound the risk
[Musik]
resan and provision of access to justice
for the indigenous
peop the
systematis the systematic land
registration program or
ptsl also plays a crucial role in
recognizing indigenous people's right to
their territories
where the certificate of physical
eh position of land or
spfbt can be used as
as
substitute the for proof of
ownership
simplifying eh the land registration
process for indigenous
ownership thank you
I will explain example of state land and
territorial right example of state land
land dedicated to public infrastructure
example include road brigas and
airport reclamed land land land land
land land land created from sea orbit
reclame machine emerging
land sedimentation process
or land from
relinquisment land obsed by the state
from the release of land right by the
previous right holder land from forest
area release land converted from forest
areas into order areas
residential of or industrial
areas
aband abandoned land land land land land
that is not managed and lead abandonate
for a curtain period of time land with
expiring rights land is given to another
party with land right for a curtain
period of time and right have
experentine and are are not
extended none extendable land land land
land land is given to another party with
land right for a curtain period of time
and right
canon cannot be extended due to central
government
police example territory rights r of
ownership for right to
land that can be in
high cultivation right the right to
cultivate stel for
agricultural or plantation
purpose building rights the right to
building online that is not owned by
them oke i will conclude this material
statel is unimportant asset controlled
by the state for public interest such as
infrastructure development natural
resources management and land
redistribution tr agrarian reform
program
stel stateline management is carate out
transparent transparent and accountable
in accordance with applicable regulation
including the envelopment
of mechanic as man and the complete
systematic registration program
recognition of territorial
right by the state it also part of the
implementation of the consequency the
project the right
of indigenous people by providing legal
protection and access to fire and
sustainable management
and offline
territorial reflect the legal
relationship between customary law
community
and their land which include the
regulation of
collective use of land and natural
resort with proper recognition in
management stel and territorial right
and support national development reduce
agrarian inquity and improve community
wifi collaboration between the
government indigenous community and
relate parties is very necessary to
ensure sustainable land
management
ts into a social economic and
environmental
aspek
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