Comprehensive Review of IT, Penal, Health and Constitutional Topics for Upcoming Exams

IT Exam Review

• Hardware and Peripherals: RAM is volatile; ROM is non‑volatile and stores BIOS/EFI. The mouse is an input device, not for text entry. The printer is a pure output device; a multifunction printer would be both input and output.
• Memory Hierarchy: ROM has the smallest capacity, not larger than secondary memory. RAM is the main memory with high speed, not slower than secondary memory. Registers have the smallest capacity but the highest access speed. Cache is a small, fast memory placed between CPU and secondary storage; it does not have larger capacity than a hard‑disk.
• Portable Storage: The correct portable peripheral for data transfer is the pendrive.
• Windows 10/11 Shortcuts: Create a new virtual desktop with Windows + Ctrl + D. Other options (Windows + Tab, Ctrl + Shift + Esc, Windows + R) do not create a virtual desktop.
• File‑Naming Rules (Windows 11): Names cannot contain characters such as ? or < >. The maximum full path length is 260 characters. Names with pipes (|) or greater‑than signs are invalid.
• Task‑Bar Position in Windows 11: By default it is centered at the bottom of the screen; it can be moved only to the left side.
• Sending Files to the Recycle Bin: Drag‑and‑drop, Delete key, and right‑click → Delete are valid. Ctrl + D is not a shortcut for deletion; the option in the Explorer ribbon does not exist in Windows 11.
• LibreOffice Writer: It can create and edit PDF files directly; it does not support form fields, database mail merge, change tracking, or automatic index generation.
• LibreOffice Calc: Menus include File, Edit, View, Insert, Data, Tools, Sheet, Navigate, Format, Row, Column, Sheet, Tools, Data, Window, Help. "Formulários" is not a menu option.
• Calc Functions: Dynamic tables summarize data; formulas can be created automatically via the function wizard; multiple sheets per file are allowed; absolute and relative references can be mixed.
• LibreOffice Impress: Slide transitions are set via the Transition pane, not by macros or renaming slides.
• Malware Types: Ransomware, keyloggers, adware, trojans, rootkits, scareware, and spyware were distinguished. Keyloggers capture keystrokes; adware shows unwanted ads; trojans disguise as legitimate programs; rootkits give attackers privileged access.
• Specific Malware Identification: The type that shows intrusive ads is adware; the one that creates a hidden toolbox for privileged actions is a rootkit.

Penal Law Review (Public Servant Crimes)

• Concept of Public Servant: The legal definition is broad; anyone who holds a public position, even temporarily or without remuneration, is considered a public servant for penal purposes.
• Peculato: Appropriation or diversion of public assets by a public servant. It is treated as a special crime with penalty 2‑12 years, higher than common‑law theft.
• Concussão: The act of demanding an undue advantage (the keyword is exigir). The crime is consummated by the mere demand, regardless of whether the victim pays.
• Corrupção Passiva: Similar to concussão but the keyword is solicitar or receber a promise of advantage. Both have the same penalty range.
• Prevaricação: Failure to perform an official act for personal reasons, without the need for economic gain.
• Conduta Criminosa (Condescendência Criminosa): Failure of a public servant to report irregularities to a superior, violating the duty of loyalty.
• Advocacia Administrativa: Not limited to lawyers; any public servant who defends a private interest before the administration commits this crime.
• Key Takeaway: Identify the verb that triggers each crime (exigir, solicitar, receber, retardar, omitir) and remember the uniform penalty of 2‑12 years.

Health Law Review (SUS and Law 8080/90)

• Principles of SUS (Law 8080): Autonomy of the person, universal access, integral care, decentralization, hierarchical organization, and community participation.
• Objectives of SUS (Art. 5): Identify and disseminate health‑determinant factors; formulate health policies; provide comprehensive assistance (promotion, protection, recovery).
• Organizational Structure: The Union (Ministry of Health), States (Secretarias Estaduais), Municipalities (Secretarias Municipais) each have specific competencies; the Union handles regulation, States coordinate, Municipalities execute.
• Financing: Minimum 15 % of the Union’s current revenue must be allocated to health; states and municipalities fund their part through taxes and receive transfers from the National Health Fund.
• Indigenous Health Subsystem: Decentralized, hierarchical, regionalized; mandatory registration of race/color; participation of indigenous representatives in health councils; financing shared between Union and municipalities.
• Home Care (Internação Domiciliar): Requires medical indication and consent of the patient/family; performed by multidisciplinary teams (doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, psychologists, social workers).
• Community Participation: Health conferences (every 4 years) are deliberative; health councils are permanent bodies; representation is parity between users and managers.
• Private Sector Participation: Filantropic and non‑profit entities have priority in SUS contracts; for‑profit entities may provide services but cannot receive subsidies or grants.
• Prohibited Practices: Commercialization of human organs and tissues; illegal use of public resources for private commercial activities.

Constitutional Law Review

• Fundamental Principles: Sovereignty, citizenship, dignity of the human person, social values, work, free initiative, political pluralism.
• Separation of Powers (Art. 2): Legislative (makes laws), Executive (administers), Judicial (interprets laws). Powers are independent but exercise checks and balances.
• Objectives of the Republic: Promote social welfare, eradicate poverty, build a free, just and solidary society, ensure regional development.
• International Relations Principles: Non‑intervention, peaceful settlement of disputes, cooperation, respect for human rights.
• Health as a Fundamental Right: Social right (second generation); the State must guarantee universal, integral and equal access.
• Electoral Rights: Voting is compulsory for citizens aged 18‑70; optional for 16‑18, illiterates, and those over 70. Candidates must meet age and nationality requirements (e.g., 35 years for President, 30 for Governor, 21 for most other offices).
• Nationality: Brazilian nato by birth on Brazilian soil (jus soli) or by descent (jus sanguinis). Naturalized citizens can lose nationality for fraud or attacks on the constitutional order. Nato citizens may renounce nationality only if they acquire another citizenship.
• Political Rights Loss: Suspension occurs after a final criminal conviction; loss of nationality also removes political rights.
• Remedies (Constitutional Actions): Habeas corpus (personal liberty), mandado de segurança (clear legal right), mandado de injunção (absence of regulation), ação popular (citizen’s standing, only naturalized citizens), habeas data (access to personal data).
• Criminal Procedure Highlights: Presumption of innocence until final judgment; evidence obtained illegally is inadmissible; the right to remain silent; the need for immediate notification of arrest to family and judge.
• Military Service and Electoral Eligibility: Conscripts cannot vote or be elected while serving; after discharge they regain full political rights.

Study Strategies

• Review the exact wording of statutes (e.g., articles of the Penal Code, Law 8080, Constitution) because many questions test literal interpretation.
• Memorize keyword triggers for crimes (exigir, solicitar, retardar, omitir).
• Practice multiple‑choice questions and verify the answer key to reinforce concepts.
• Use mnemonics provided (e.g., “SOU CIDLU” for fundamental principles, “P‑O‑C‑G” for SUS objectives).
• Pay attention to trick options that ask for the “incorrect” statement rather than the correct one.
• Arrive early to the exam venue to avoid logistical issues.

A focused review of the core concepts—hardware basics, Windows and LibreOffice functions, malware types, the specific elements of public‑servant crimes, SUS organization, and constitutional principles—combined with careful reading of the literal legal texts and awareness of common exam traps, will give candidates the confidence and knowledge needed to excel on the upcoming examinations.